José Luis Borreguero. Abogado.
El pasado 1 de marzo, se aprobó, y ya está en vigor, el Real Decreto-ley 7/2019, de 1 de marzo, de medidas urgentes en materia de vivienda y alquiler, por el que se modificaron varias leyes, sobre todo encaminadas a modificar diversos aspectos del mercado del arrendamiento de viviendas en España, y encaminadas a su dinamización.
Pero el Real Decreto también ha incluido unas modificaciones de importancia que afectan a la regulación de los apartamentos turísticos. En este sentido, se modifica el art. 17 de la Ley de Propiedad Horizontal, con la finalidad de requerir sólo una mayoría de 3/5 de los propietarios para limitar o condicionar el uso de apartamentos turísticos, sin que se hubiera de modificar el título constitutivo o los estatutos. Asimismo, esta misma mayoría se requerirá para el acuerdo por el que se establezcan cuotas especiales de gastos o un incremento en la participación de los gastos comunes de la vivienda donde se realice dicha actividad, siempre que estas modificaciones no supongan un incremento superior al 20%. Estos acuerdos no tendrán efectos retroactivos.
Es evidente el cambio significativo en este asunto, ya que. con anterioridad, se requería el acuerdo unánime de los propietarios. Cierto es que podría pensarse en que este cambio focaliza el problema ahora en las comunidades de vecinos, pues será la asamblea, y sus mayorías, las que decidan finalmente, o limiten, o condicionen, el uso turístico de viviendas en inmuebles sometidos a propiedad horizontal. Pero, también es cierto que, de esta manera, el control sobre este uso turístico será más directo y efectivo, ante la falta de medios de los ayuntamientos, ante la desproporciona proliferación de estos usos.
Por otro lado, el Real Decreto, también aclara otra cuestión muy significativa que con anterioridad había supuesto diversas interpretaciones. Las viviendas turísticas no están sometidas a la Ley de Arrendamientos Urbanos, sino que se regirán por la normativa sectorial turística.
Veremos cómo afecta esta nueva regulación a un tema como las viviendas turísticas que tanta polémica ha generado en los últimos tiempos, debido sobre todo a la diversa y, no siempre clara, normativa aplicable, signo evidente de que la realidad supera con creces la labora del legislador. No obstante, también podría ser que ante el inestable horizonte político, dentro de unos meses, esta nueva regulación volviera a modificarse, como ha ocurrido sobre todo en el ámbito de los arrendamientos, ante los cambios de gobierno anteriores.
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