Gonzalo Perpiñá, Abogado colaborador
Hoy en día, es habitual encontrarse en la desagradable situación en la que el arrendatario al que tenemos alquilada nuestra propiedad deje de pagar la renta. En este breve post, veremos cómo actuar para desahuciar al inquilino con éxito y qué hacer en otras situaciones parecidas que se puedan dar.
En primer lugar, tenemos que distinguir el impago de la renta, del mero retraso en abonar la misma. Lo más habitual, es que la renta se pague mensualmente antes de determinado día del mes, por lo que, si el inquilino paga la renta dentro de ese mes, pero pasado el plazo se consideraría un mero retraso. Sin embargo, si pasado el mes completo vence la renta del siguiente mes, ya si que nos encontraríamos ante una situación de impago.
Una vez hecha esta distinción, lo primero que debemos hacer en el caso de que el inquilino no pague dentro de los días pactados del mes es reclamar el pago amistosamente.
Si, a pesar de este intento amistoso, no se produce el pago, pasado el mes debemos reclamar el pago de la renta fehacientemente, esto es, enviando un burofax. Al hacer esta reclamación de la renta por escrito (en la que únicamente tendremos que indicar que ha existido un impago y reclamar el mismo, sin tener que indicar que se trata de un incumplimiento del contrato o que de no proceder al pago se tomarán acciones legales), conseguimos que, una vez interpuesta la demanda, el inquilino no pueda enervar la acción, es decir, no pueda pagar las rentas pendientes y evitar el desahucio.
Pero ¿cuántos meses impagados necesitamos para interponer la demanda? Pues bien, en teoría basta con un solo impago. Sin embargo, para asegurarnos el éxito en el desahucio deberemos esperar a que se produzcan varios impagos, al menos tres.
Llegado este punto, es cuando podremos interponer la demanda de desahucio, siendo habitual acumularla a la reclamación de las rentas pendientes.
Por desgracia, la realidad no suele ser tan sencilla, por lo que tenemos que ver ¿qué pasa si, recibido el burofax, el arrendatario paga? Pues bien, en este caso, de producirse más impagos no será necesario el envío de un nuevo burofax, puesto que si no podríamos caer en el absurdo de que el inquilino pague con cada comunicación formal que enviemos y que nunca pudiésemos interponer la demanda.
Aclarada esta situación, otra de las preguntas habituales es ¿cuánto dura este procedimiento? Lo más habitual es que dure unos 6 meses antes de procederse al lanzamiento, es decir, al desahucio de la vivienda, pero dependiendo del juzgado podría extenderse un poco más
Una vez tenemos claro cómo actuar para desahuciar al inquilino por el impago total de la renta, podemos preguntarnos ¿qué pasa si sufro constantes retrasos en el pago? Pues bien, el Tribunal Supremo se ha pronunciado al respecto en el sentido de que el propietario (arrendador) no tiene por qué financiar al inquilino (arrendatario), de modo que, tras sufrir varios meses seguidos de retrasos, también podremos interponer una demanda para conseguir recuperar la vivienda.
También tenemos que analizar ¿qué pasa si el inquilino paga únicamente parte de la renta? En estos casos nos encontraremos ante una situación parecida a la del retraso en los pagos, siendo lo más recomendable acumular bastantes pagos parciales para interponer la demanda de desahucio. En caso de ser solo algunos meses sueltos los que se produce el pago parcial, es probable que no nos estimen el desahucio, por lo que podríamos optar por interponer únicamente la demanda reclamando las rentas pendientes.
Otra de las posibles dudas sería ¿qué pasa si el inquilino deja de pagar únicamente uno o dos meses sueltos? En este caso, sería complicado obtener el desahucio, por lo que lo más recomendable sería interponer una demanda reclamando esas rentas pendientes. En definitiva, son múltiples los posibles problemas que pueden derivar del pago o, mejor dicho, impago, de la renta en un alquiler, debiendo analizar uno a uno los diferentes casos y sus circunstancias, siendo imprescindible contar con el debido asesoramiento para tener éxito y conseguir recuperar la vivienda o inmueble que nos pertenece.
Este artículo es informativo y no constituye un asesoramiento personalizado para usted.
Si usted desea resolver una consulta relacionada con esta temática o cualquier otra, puede contactarnos a través de este formulario.
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