Noemí Hernández Merchán. Abogada colaboradora.
Determinar qué régimen de custodia, monoparental o compartida, resulta más adecuado para los menores en los supuestos de crisis matrimoniales o de pareja, es una cuestión que hay que decidir en cada caso de manera particular, analizando pormenorizadamente las circunstancias concretas que concurren en cada supuesto.
Esta decisión debe adoptarse pensando, siempre y por encima de todo lo demás, en el interés de los hijos comunes y en lo que resulta más beneficioso, no para los padres, sino para los menores, teniendo en cuenta además su realidad y dinámica diaria. Por este motivo la razón para decidir fijar de común acuerdo o solicitar al juez que fije un régimen de custodia compartida nunca debe ser exclusivamente económico.
Existe la opinión generalizada de que al fijarse un régimen de custodia compartida no puede fijarse una pensión de alimentos, asumiendo cada progenitor los gastos de los hijos comunes durante el tiempo de convivencia con ellos y por ello son muchas las ocasiones en las que la idea de no tener que abonar esa pensión de alimentos es el único motivo real que se esgrime por parte de uno de los progenitores (precisamente el que cree que va a venir obligado a satisfacerla) para solicitar que se fije un régimen de custodia compartida.
En este punto es conveniente aclarar que el régimen de custodia compartida no elimina siempre y en todo caso la posibilidad de que se fije una pensión de alimentos; por el contario, el juez, aún acordando este régimen de custodia, puede decidir establecer pensión de alimentos cuando uno de los progenitores carezca de recursos o exista una desproporción o diferencia notable entre los ingresos económicos de ambos progenitores.
Esta decisión tiene su apoyo legal en el principio de proporcionalidad que recoge el Código Civil y en virtud del cual: “La cuantía de los alimentos será proporcionada al caudal o medios de quien los da y a las necesidades de quien los recibe”.
Partiendo de la posibilidad de que el Juez decida en un régimen de custodia compartida fijar una pensión de alimentos a cargo de aquel que tenga mayores ingresos, si existe desproporción económica entre los progenitores, y como se ha indicado con anterioridad, no debe ser este el único motivo que debe mover a los padres a solicitar un régimen de custodia compartida. Si se opta por este sistema que sea precisamente porque se considere que es el más adecuado y beneficioso para los hijos comunes, dejando atrás los problemas, recelos y tensiones que puedan existir en la pareja.
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