Gerardo Parejo Fernández. Abogado Asociado.
En esta publicación trataremos los derechos que asisten a quien es detenido por agentes de la autoridad y trasladado a dependencias policiales o al Juzgado de guardia a fin de prestar declaración y adoptar las medidas que se consideren oportunas a la vista de los hechos presuntamente delictivos que se le imputan.
Lo primero a tener en cuenta es la diferencia que existe entre detenido e investigado:
Expuesto lo anterior, la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal regula en su artículo 520 los derechos del detenido, comenzando por ser informado por escrito de los hechos que se le atribuyan y las razones por las que está detenido, además de los siguientes derechos que le asisten:
Por otro lado, se le deberá informar del plazo máximo legal de duración de la detención hasta la puesta a disposición de la autoridad judicial y del procedimiento por medio del cual puede impugnar la legalidad de su detención. En todos los casos se permitirá al detenido conservar en su poder la declaración escrita de derechos durante todo el tiempo de la detención.
Si se tratare de un menor, será puesto a disposición de las Secciones de Menores de la Fiscalía y se comunicará el hecho y el lugar de custodia a quienes ejerzan la patria potestad, la tutela o la guarda de hecho del mismo.
El detenido podrá siempre designar libremente abogado y si no lo hace, será asistido por un abogado de oficio. Ninguna autoridad o agente le efectuará recomendación alguna sobre el abogado a designar más allá de informarle de su derecho. Si no designara abogado, el Colegio de Abogados procederá de inmediato al nombramiento de un abogado del turno de oficio.
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