Sergio Díaz López. Abogado Asociado.
La Reciente Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 28 de marzo de 2019 (STS 258/2019 dictada por la Sala de lo Social) establece una interesante interpretación de la eficacia del llamado “pacto de no competencia”, por el que habitualmente empresa y trabajador acuerdan que este último deberá abstenerse de competir en el mercado con la primera durante un tiempo determinado una vez finalizada la relación contractual, con abono de una compensación al trabajador por establecer dicho compromiso.
En el caso que nos ocupa, el trabajador comunicó a su empresa que cesaba voluntariamente en la prestación de sus servicios. La empresa, con la que el trabajador tenía suscrito un pacto de no competencia, comunicó por escrito al trabajador que le liberaba de la obligación de no competencia, no abonándole cantidad alguna en concepto de compensación por dicho pacto.
El trabajador acudió a los Tribunales para que se le reconociera la vigencia del pacto y la obligación de la empresa de abonarle compensación por el mismo. Tras una sentencia que en primera instancia condenó a la empresa al pago de la compensación prevista así como a una multa, y una dictada en segunda instancia que revocó la Sentencia inicial de manera parcial al anular la multa impuesta, el Tribunal Supremo desestimó el recurso de Casación interpuesto por la empresa.
El interés de esta resolución del Alto Tribunal reside en que, aplicando lo dispuesto en el artículo 1256 del Código Civil, señala que el pacto de no competencia no puede quedar sin efecto por la mera voluntad unilateral de la empresa, ya que la validez y el cumplimiento de los contratos no pueden dejarse al arbitrio de uno de los contratantes.
La empresa alegaba que al perderse el interés comercial e industrial del pacto, podía liberar al trabajador del pacto alcanzado, sin embargo el Tribunal Supremo entiende que no puede tomarse esta decisión de manera unilateral, dejando al arbitrio de una de las partes la eficacia del acuerdo alcanzado, por lo que la posibilidad de renuncia empresarial es nula y carece de eficacia.
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