Gerardo Parejo Fernández. Abogado colaborador.
El pasado 31 de mayo el Tribunal Constitucional dictó la Sentencia nº 113/2021 por la que, en un proceso de desahucio de vivienda de una familia con un hijo con discapacidad, estableció que dicha circunstancia es lo suficientemente relevante como para alegarse como causa de oposición al desalojo. En la Sentencia, el Tribunal insta a los jueces, que resolvieron previamente de forma desfavorable, a justificar las causas por las que dicha circunstancia justifican o no el desalojo.
El proceso de desahucio afectaba a una familia monoparental, donde la madre, que reside en la vivienda con sus tres hijos menores de edad, padeciendo uno de ellos que acababa de nacer un grado de discapacidad física del 65%, formuló oposición y solicitó una prórroga para el desalojo durante un plazo mínimo de seis meses,en tanto los servicios sociales les encontraban una solución habitacional alternativa. Ello unido a las circunstancias económicas y familiares de absoluta precariedad que atravesaba la familia.
La razón argumentada por los Tribunales que examinaron el caso en primera y en segunda instancia es que la circunstancia alegada no está comprendida es las causas tasadas en la Ley, si bien a criterio del Constitucional las razones argumentadas no estaban lo suficientemente motivadas, por lo que declara vulnerado el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva de la madre, obligando a los Tribunales a pronunciarse sobre la causa de oposición formulada.
El Tribunal Constitucional se apoya en la obligación de motivación de las resoluciones judiciales, que cobra especial relevancia en aquellos supuestos en los que estén en juego derechos fundamentales que afectan a la protección de la familia y los menores de edad (artículo 39 de la Constitución Española) y las personas con discapacidad (artículo 49).
Considera que el interés superior del menor debe primar en todas aquellas medidas que adopten las instituciones públicas o privadas de bienestar social, tribunales, autoridades administrativas y órganos legislativos. Ello pese de la literalidad de las causas de oposición previstasen el artículo 556 de la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil, que debido a las especiales circunstancias del caso exigían no limitarse a una respuesta formalista sobre dichas causas tasadas.
Esta Sentencia supone a efectos prácticos la introducción de una nueva causa de oposición al desahucio de una vivienda, que deberá valorarse por los legisladores para ser introducida como causa de oposición legalmente prevista.
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