Sergio Díaz López. Abogado Asociado
Hoy día, la conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar es uno de los aspectos que más protagonismo están adquiriendo en las relaciones laborales.
Nuestro Estatuto de los Trabajadores recoge, como una de las medidas más relevantes dentro de las encaminadas a dicha conciliación, la reducción de jornada por guarda legal. El artículo 37 del Estatuto permite a los trabajadores solicitar una reducción de su jornada, con equivalente reducción de su salario, a quienes tengan a su cargo, bien a un hijo menor de doce años, bien un hijo con discapacidad que no desempeñe una actividad retributiva.
También pueden solicitar la reducción de jornada aquellas personas que tengan a su cuidado directo un familiar que por su edad, por haber sido víctimas de un accidente o de una enfermedad, no puedan desempeñar una vida normal por sí mismos y no desempeñen una actividad retribuida.
Finalmente, la reducción de jornada laboral también podrá ser solicitada por aquellos que cuiden a un menor a su cargo afectado por cáncer o por otra patología grave que requiera una hospitalización de larga duración y un cuidado constante del menor.
Esta reducción de jornada puede solicitarse desde un octavo de la duración de la jornada hasta un máximo de la mitad, con la correlativa reducción del salario en dicha proporción.
En cuanto a la duración de la medida, en caso de cuidado de hijos menores se limita hasta el momento en que estos cumplen los 12 años; en el caso de menores afectados por enfermedades graves, hasta que cumplen los 18 años; y en el resto de casos no existe un límite temporal máximo de duración.
La solicitud para la reducción es aconsejable realizarla por escrito, estableciendo la duración de la medida y las concretas condiciones en que se solicita la reducción de jornada, especialmente en cuanto a la franja horaria de prestación del trabajo. La empresa está obligada a dar respuesta a la solicitud, y de existir discrepancias entre la solicitud efectuada y la respuesta ofrecida por la empresa, existe la posibilidad de acudir a un procedimiento judicial específico para resolver dicha cuestión.
Es importante señalar que el ejercicio del derecho a la reducción de jornada en los términos señalados implica que el trabajador que así lo haya solicitado no podrá ser despedido bajo sanción de nulidad del citado despido, por lo que a efectos prácticos, esta reducción de jornada se podría calificar como de “blindaje” para el trabajador solicitante.
Estamos por tanto ante una de las medidas de mayor relevancia respecto de la conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar, que está siendo utilizada con cada vez más frecuencia por los trabajadores en los últimos años.
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