José Luis Borreguero. Abogado.
¿Cuáles son los Tribunales de Justicia Europeos y cuáles son sus competencias? De forma habitual nos encontramos noticias en los medios que aluden a Tribunales de Justicia de ámbito europeo y cuyas sentencias, aparentemente, nos afectan. Sin embargo, no todos estos tribunales tienen la misma competencia y jurisdicción. Y para responder a la pregunta inicial, conviene tener claro, cuáles son las instituciones europeas o internacionales de las que dependen.
La actual Unión Europea, sucesora de la Comunidad Económica Europea, es una comunidad de Derecho, en régimen de democracia representativa, con jurídica y política especial, de vocación federalista internacional, destacándose entre sus caracteres, la ciudadanía europea, la primacía y efecto directo de su ordenamiento jurídico en relación con los ordenamientos nacionales, el sistema jurisdiccional y la unión monetaria. Sus instituciones son siete: el Parlamento Europeo, el Consejo Europeo, el Consejo, la Comisión Europea, el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, el Tribunal de Cuentas y el Banco Central Europeo.
En relación a sus órganos jurisdiccionales, el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE), con sede en Luxemburgo, ejerce las labores judiciales en el sistema jurídico comunitario: controla la legalidad de los actos de las instituciones de la Unión Europea; vela por que los Estados miembros respeten las obligaciones establecidas en los Tratados; e interpreta el Derecho de la Unión a solicitud de los jueces nacionales; y el Tribunal de Cuentas supervisa y controla la administración de las finanzas y los fondos comunitarios.
Por tanto, el órgano estrictamente judicial de la Unión Europea, es el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) y cuyas resoluciones deben acatar todos los Estados miembros de la UE, y evidentemente, afectan a todos los ciudadanos de la Unión Europea.
Sin embargo, hay otro Tribunal de ámbito europeo, que no tiene nada que ver con el anterior. Es el Tribunal Europeo de los Derechos Humanos (TEDH). Institución que con sede en Estrasburgo, establecido por el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos, y encargado de enjuiciar, bajo determinadas circunstancias, las posibles violaciones de los derechos reconocidos en el Convenio Europeo de Protección de los Derechos Humanos y de las Libertades Fundamentales (CEDH) y en sus Protocolos por parte de los Estados parte de dicho Convenio. Esta institución no depende de la Unión Europea, sino del Consejo Europeo, organización internacional también con sede en Estrasburgo que comprende 47 países de Europa, creada para promover la democracia y proteger los derechos humanos y el estado de derecho en Europa. Esta organización no se integra en la Unión Europea, aunque todos los Estados miembros de la UE, también pertenecen al Consejo Europeo.
Por último, otro Tribunal con sede en Europa, pero con ámbito internacional, es La Corte Internacional de Justicia (CIJ, también llamada Tribunal Internacional de Justicia o Corte Internacional de La Haya). Principal órgano judicial de las Naciones Unidas, establecida en 1945 en La Haya, siendo sus funciones principales la de resolver por medio de sentencias las disputas que le sometan los Estados (procedimiento contencioso) y emitir dictámenes u opiniones consultivas para dar respuesta a cualquier cuestión jurídica que le sea planteada por la Asamblea General o el Consejo de Seguridad, o por las agencias especializadas que hayan sido autorizadas por la Asamblea General de acuerdo con la Carta de las Naciones Unidas (procedimiento consultivo).
Quizá una medida sencilla para distinguir estos tribunales sea la localización de su sede. Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE), Luxemburgo (Unión Europea), Tribunal Europeo de los Derechos Humanos (TEDH), Estrasburgo (Consejo Europeo), y Tribunal Internacional de Justicia o Corte Internacional, La Haya (Naciones Unidas).
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
__stidv | 1 year | This cookie is used by ShareThis. This cookie is used for sharing the content from the website to social networks. |
lang | This cookie is used to store the language preferences of a user to serve up content in that stored language the next time user visit the website. | |
mc_session_ids[default] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][0] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][1] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][2] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][3] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][4] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
_gat | 1 minute | This cookies is installed by Google Universal Analytics to throttle the request rate to limit the colllection of data on high traffic sites. |
YSC | session | This cookies is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
__stid | 1 year | The cookie is set by ShareThis. The cookie is used for site analytics to determine the pages visited, the amount of time spent, etc. |
_ga | 2 years | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to calculate visitor, session, campaign data and keep track of site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors. |
_gid | 1 day | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the wbsite is doing. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages viisted in an anonymous form. |
pxcelPage_c010 | 7 days | The domain of this cookie is owned by Sharethis. This is a analytical cookie used to provide unique identifier to the computer for traffic analysis to ShareThis. It helps in enabling sharing function on the website. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
_cc_aud | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
_cc_cc | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
_cc_dc | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
_cc_id | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
EE | 4 months | This cookie is set by exelator.com. The cookies is used to store information about users' visit to the website. The data includes the number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the pages that have been loaded. This information is used to provide the users customized and targeted ads. |
IDE | 1 year 24 days | Used by Google DoubleClick and stores information about how the user uses the website and any other advertisement before visiting the website. This is used to present users with ads that are relevant to them according to the user profile. |
pi | 1 year | This is a targeting cookie, which is used for advertising.This cookie show the relevant adverts based on the visitors profile created by the cookie. |
pxrc | 2 months | The purpose of the cookie is to identify a visitor to serve relevant advertisement. |
rlas3 | 1 year | The cookie is set by rlcdn.com. The cookie is used to serve relevant ads to the visitor as well as limit the time the visitor sees an and also measure the effectiveness of the campaign. |
test_cookie | 15 minutes | This cookie is set by doubleclick.net. The purpose of the cookie is to determine if the user's browser supports cookies. |
ud | 4 months | This cookie is set by exelator.com. The cookies is used to store information about users' visit to the website. The data includes the number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the pages that have been loaded. This information is used to provide the users customized and targeted ads. |
uuid2 | 3 months | This cookies is set by AppNexus. The cookies stores information that helps in distinguishing between devices and browsers. This information us used to select advertisements served by the platform and assess the performance of the advertisement and attribute payment for those advertisements. |
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE | 5 months 27 days | This cookie is set by Youtube. Used to track the information of the embedded YouTube videos on a website. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
collect_chat_launcher_load | 1 month | No description |
collect_chat_page_load | 1 month | No description |
CONSENT | 16 years 10 months 10 days 13 hours 14 minutes | No description |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional | 1 year | The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-others | 1 year | No description |
fpestid | 1 year | No description |
st_samesite | session | No description |
zc | No description |
2 Comments
Buenas tardes
Compré en 2006 una casa con mi pareja pero en 2009 me separé e hice una disolución de condominio se puede reclamar los gastos hipotecarios de ambas escrituras,los gastos de 2006 están a nombre de mi ex pareja pero la hipoteca estaba a nombre de los 2
Si la hipoteca sigue vigente puede reclamar los gastos generados en la constitución de la misma, a excepción del Impuesto sobre Actos Jurídicos Documentados (IAJD).