Noemí Hernández Merchán. Abogada Asociada.
La Sección Octava de la Sala de lo Contencioso Administrativo del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Madrid, en una reciente Sentencia ha denegado la cobertura por parte de la Administración Pública de un tratamiento de reproducción asistida a un matrimonio homosexual por varios motivos que se exponen a continuación.
Antes de entrar en las razones por las que se deniega la cobertura, el Tribunal analiza si el deseo legítimo de maternidad es o no un derecho fundamental, concluyendo que, en consonancia con la legislación nacional e internacional, no lo es y por lo tanto no es susceptible de la protección constitucional por parte de los poderes públicos prevista para aquellos que efectivamente sí lo son.
Partiendo del hecho de que el deseo de ser madre no es un derecho fundamental, el Tribunal analiza en profundidad si el tratamiento de reproducción asistida que se demanda por parte del matrimonio homosexual debe estar cubierto y sufragado por la Administración, fallando finalmente de manera negativa por varios motivos.
En este caso la recurrente, mujer de una militar, solicita la cobertura del tratamiento de reproducción asistida a Adeslas Segurcaixa en virtud del concierto de esta aseguradora con ISFAS para el año 2016-2017, y, por este motivo la Sala tiene que entrar a examinar el alcance de las coberturas de la aseguradora.
Una vez revisada la cartera de servicios concertada entre ISFAS y la aseguradora, constata que este tratamiento no se encuentra incluido, toda vez que la solicitante no está aquejada de ninguna patología orgánica que impida naturalmente su maternidad, sin que exista un diagnóstico de esterilidad, y que la afiliación a este régimen concreto de asistencia sanitaria es fruto de la libre elección por parte del matrimonio, asumiendo así la Cartera de Servicios ofertada. La Sala niega que, en este caso, la homosexualidad puede ser equiparada a la infertilidad o tenga cabida dentro de denominadas “situaciones especiales” previstas en el catálogo de servicios.
En la Sentencia se indica que la regulación de la eficacia de los matrimonios homosexuales no ha sido aún acometida en toda su plenitud por el legislador, afirmando que, si bien la ley 13/2015 reconoció el matrimonio homosexual como válido y merecedor del mismo tratamiento jurídico que el heterosexual, aún existen numerosas lagunas legales, como ocurre en el ámbito de las prestaciones de asistencia sanitaria para facilitar la reproducción de parejas del mismo sexo. Refiere la Sentencia:
“Y si en la regulación sustantiva el legislador no parece haber querido ir, por ahora, más allá, resulta lógico que en el ámbito de las prestaciones de asistencia sanitaria para facilitar la reproducción de parejas del mismo sexo (en este caso, de un matrimonio entre dos mujeres) tampoco la Administración esté obligada a tener que cubrir los gastos derivados de los tratamientos de reproducción asistida en estos mismos casos.”
Así las cosas y sobre la base de estos argumentos el Tribunal falla determinando que la Administración no está obligada a tener que cubrir, en este caso, los gastos derivados del tratamiento de reproducción asistida.
Esta Resolución del Tribunal de Justicia de Madrid (que cuenta con un voto particular en contra por considerar el fallo discriminatorio) se opone a la línea que hasta ahora habían seguido los Juzgados y Tribunales que venían considerado que no era necesario acreditar esterilidad cuando la prestación era solicitada por parejas de mujeres, para no incurrir en una situación de discriminación por razón de la orientación sexual.
Por último indicar que las parejas de mujeres pueden acogerse a los derechos reconocidos en la Ley 14/2006 des 26 de mayo sobre reproducción asistida, que garantiza que cualquier mujer puede ser beneficiaria de estas técnicas, con independencia de su estado civil y de su orientación sexual.
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