Gerardo Parejo Fernández. Abogado Asociado.
El día de hoy ha sido publicado el Real Decreto-ley 15/2020, de 21 de abril, de medidas urgentes complementarias para apoyar la economía y el empleo. Entre otras medidas, se establece la moratoria en el pago de alquiler de locales de negocio que se hayan visto obligados a cerrar porque su actividad haya quedado suspendida por el estado de alarma, o haya visto reducidos sustancialmente sus ingresos.
¿Qué arrendamientos están comprendidos en esta medida?
La persona física o empresa que sea arrendataria de un contrato de arrendamiento para uso distinto del de vivienda o de industria, podrá solicitar del arrendador, siempre que éste sea una empresa o entidad pública de vivienda, o un gran tenedor (que sea titular de más de 10 inmuebles urbanos, excluyendo garajes y trasteros, o una superficie construida de más de 1.500 m2), en el plazo de un mes desde el 22 de abril, la moratoria en el pago de su alquiler, que deberá ser aceptada por el arrendador siempre que no se hubiera alcanzado ya un acuerdo sobre aplazamiento o reducción de la renta.
En el caso de arrendadores no comprendidos en el párrafo anterior, el arrendatario podrá solicitar el aplazamiento temporal y extraordinario en el pago de la renta, pero no estará obligado el arrendador a aceptarlo, si bien podrá disponer de la fianza, que podrá servir para el pago total o parcial de alguna o algunas mensualidades de la renta arrendaticia, debiendo ser repuesta por el arrendatario en el plazo de un año desde la celebración del acuerdo.
¿Cómo se aplica la moratoria?
La moratoria se aplicará de manera automática y afectará al periodo de tiempo que dure el estado de alarma y sus prórrogas y a las mensualidades siguientes (prorrogables una a una), si aquel plazo fuera insuficiente en relación con el impacto provocado por el COVID-19, con un máximo de cuatro meses.
El pago de la renta será aplazado, sin penalización ni devengo de intereses, a partir de la siguiente mensualidad de renta, mediante el fraccionamiento de las cuotas en un plazo de dos años, que se contarán a partir del momento en el que se supere la situación anterior, o una vez finalizado el plazo máximo de cuatro meses, y siempre dentro del plazo de vigencia del contrato de arrendamiento o sus prórrogas.
¿Qué requisitos debe cumplir el arrendatario para poder solicitarla?
Podrán acogerse a esta medida las autónomos y pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes), siempre y cuando cumplan los siguientes requisitos.
En el caso de contrato de arrendamiento de un inmueble afecto a la actividad económica desarrollada por el autónomo:
En caso de contrato de arrendamiento de inmueble afecto a la actividad económica desarrollada por una pyme:
¿Cómo se acredita el cumplimiento de estos requisitos?
El cumplimiento de todos estos requisitos se acreditará por el arrendatario ante el arrendador mediante la presentación de los siguientes documentos:
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