Miriam Sáez, Abogada colaboradora
La nueva reforma legislativa de la Ley Concursal que entró en vigor desde el pasado 01 de enero de 2023, procede a crear un procedimiento judicial único y específico para las microempresas al que también pueden acogerse los autónomos si procede.
Para que un negocio sea considerado microempresa o autónomo, es necesario:
menos de 10 trabajadores
inferior a 350.000 € según las últimas cuentas cerradas en el ejercicioanterior a la presentación de la solicitud.
Si cumplimos con las dos condiciones y estamos en una situación de insolvencia actual, inminente (el deudor prevé que a corto plazo, es decir que en más o menos 3 meses, no podrá cumplir con las obligaciones de pago) o probable (se estima que en un límite temporal de 2 años el deudor no va a poder satisfacer los créditos pendientes), tendremos la posibilidad de acudir al procedimiento especial.
¿Qué nuevas ventajas encontramos?
La principales ventajas que va a ofrecer este procedimiento son dos:
Una, mediante la agilización y facilidad de los trámites al haber habilitado una sede electrónica donde deben realizarse telemáticamente determinados trámites. Lo que permite a su vez una mayor agilización pero también su automatización y control.
Y dos, no es esencial el nombramiento de un administrador concursal ni con un mediador, aunque puede darse su nombramiento si lo solicita el deudor asumirá éste su coste) o si lo solicitan el 20 % de los acreedores o un 10% si el deudor hubiera suspendido su actividad económica (asumirán éstos su coste)
¿Qué nos permite este procedimiento especial?
En primer lugar, previa comunicación al Juzgado Mercantil, se produce una fase de negociación con los acreedores que suspende las ejecuciones judiciales y extrajudiciales aunque con algunas excepciones. Esta fase durará 3 meses.
A partir de aquí, puede darse:
Hay que tener en cuenta que los acreedores pueden oponerse al Procedimiento escogido por el deudor.
Este Plan permitirá que la empresa continúe con su actividad, aunque un determinado número de acreedores puede obligar a que se someta al Plan de Liquidación.
Para ello deberá contar con un plan de créditos pendientes determinando su clasificación, acuerdos de quitas y/o esperas, establecimiento de plan de pagos, etc.
En la venta del patrimonio existente para cubrir la mayor cantidad de deudas posibles. Este procedimiento se produce:
-A solicitud del propio deudor o de los acreedores.
-Por no presentar en plazo el Plan de Continuación o por incumplirlo.
-Cuando la deuda pública de la empresa representa un 85% del total.
Este plan determinará la forma de liquidación de los bienes, que se realizará de forma electrónica a través de la nueva página habilitada al efecto.
La ejecución de los bienes no podrá durar más de 3 meses (ampliables a 1 mes más si fuera necesario).
Una vez liquidados, también se procederá a la fase de Calificación de concurso donde se analizará la culpa del deudor en su estado de insolvencia o la ocultación de bienes.
Este procedimiento será idéntico para el caso de los trabajadores autónomos que cumplas con los presupuestos indicados.
Para recibir un asesoramiento personalizado y adaptado a su situación póngase en contacto con nosotros.
Este artículo es informativo y no constituye un asesoramiento personalizado para usted.
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