Sergio Díaz López. Abogado Asociado.
No cesan las novedades judiciales en torno a las reclamaciones que los consumidores efectúan contra las diversas entidades bancarias. A las ya conocidas cuestiones sobre la cláusula suelo o sobre los gastos de constitución e inscripción de hipotecas, se suman otras más peculiares, como la que nos ocupa en el siguiente artículo.
Y es que el Juzgado de Primera Instancia e Instrucción 1 de Negreira (A Coruña), ha determinado en reciente Sentencia dictada contra la entidad Banco Pastor, la nulidad de una cláusula inserta en contrato de préstamo hipotecario, referente a una orden de transferencia desde la cuenta de los prestatarios, por importe de 11.053,95 euros, a favor de una entidad aseguradora y en concepto de prima de seguro de amortización de crédito por fallecimiento. Los demandantes indicaban en su demanda su falta de consentimiento en relación a la mencionada cláusula, al no haber sido informados sobre dicho seguro en ningún momento por parte de la entidad de crédito.
El Juzgado de Primera Instancia señala en su Sentencia que es requisito básico de los contratos el consentimiento de las partes sobre su esencia. Esto es, que conozcan, y tengan plena conciencia sobre lo que prestan su aceptación, y de sus consecuencias.
Y trasladando dicha doctrina al caso en cuestión, ni siquiera constaba en los autos el contrato de seguro sobre el que se acordaba la transferencia en la cláusula denunciada; lo único que existía en las actuaciones era una solicitud de adhesión firmada por ambas partes contratantes, pero a pesar de la existencia de dicho documento no constaba que se hubiera explicado a los clientes las condiciones generales y especiales de la póliza, ni tampoco que se hubiera puesto a disposición de dichos clientes toda la información que requiere el Reglamento de Ordenación y Supervisión de los Seguros Privados en relación a los seguros de estas características. En resumen, no existía un mínimo de información suministrada a los contratantes, que desconocían todos y cada uno de los términos del seguro contratado a través de la cláusula objeto de reclamación.
En definitiva, al no acreditarse en forma alguna el consentimiento de los consumidores en la suscripción del seguro incluido en la cláusula, se declara su nulidad y la consecuente obligación del banco de restituir el importe satisfecho por este concepto, que ascendía a la cantidad de 11.053,95 euros más los intereses devengados desde la fecha del cobro de dicha suma.
La Sentencia abre la puerta a la posibilidad de reclamaciones derivadas de la inclusión de seguros en las hipotecas, siempre y cuando estemos en situaciones en las que exista una falta de información y de consentimiento expreso del consumidor.
Fotografía unsplash.com
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