Noemí Hernández Merchán. Abogada Asociada.
Los padres y madres que vienen obligados a abonar una cantidad en concepto de pensión de alimentos a favor de sus hijos menores, tienen la obligación de mantenerlos y de seguir abonado esta cantidad, no hasta que estos sean mayores de edad, sino hasta que sean independientes económicamente. La pregunta surge de inmediato ¿y si siendo ya mayores de edad y habiendo terminado su formación no quieren trabajar?
En principio, a la vista de la premisa de la que se parte, se podría pensar que esa obligación no se va a extinguir nunca, pero no es esto lo que en la práctica determinan nuestros Juzgados y Tribunales. El Tribunal Supremo ha indicado que no existe un límite de edad por lo que, para decidir si se extingue la obligación de abonar la pensión de alimentos en un caso concreto, habrá que valorar las circunstancias y factores particulares que concurren.
Sin perjuicio de lo que se acaba de exponer, con carácter general, los Juzgados y Tribunales suelen mantener la pensión de alimentos hasta los 25 o 26 años; llegada esta edad, para decidir si procede o no la extinción de la pensión de alimentos, lo esencial es la actitud personal del hijo que recibe la pensión de alimentos.
Si éste continúa formándose se tendrá que analizar el aprovechamiento del tempo por parte del beneficiario de la pensión de alimentos, de tal manera que, si se considera que el hijo no está aprovechando el tiempo, por ejemplo, porque esté suspendiendo la mayor parte de las asignaturas del curso en el que esté matriculado, se puede considerar justificada la extinción de la pensión de alimentos.
También se puede considerar que no existe un aprovechamiento efectivo del tiempo en aquellos casos en los que los hijos continúan su formación, pero impartiendo multitud de cursos referentes a actividades muy distintas que no están relacionadas y nada tienen que ver entre sí; o los supuestos en los que los hijos están estudiando unas oposiciones sin llegar nunca a presentarse al examen, o, en el caso de presentarse, ha suspendido en un par de ocasiones.
En definitiva, se debe analizar la voluntad de los hijos de querer incorporarse al mercado laboral y encontrar un empleo ya que los Juzgados y Tribunales no quieren privar de la pensión de alimentos a aquellos jóvenes que mantienen una actitud activa en la búsqueda de su independencia económica pero tampoco quieren beneficiar a los que no tienen interés en hacerlo.
Los Juzgados y Tribunales son contrarios a mantener la pensión de alimentos en los supuestos en los que los jóvenes no quieren ni estudiar, ni trabajar (los denominados “ninis” o “parásitos sociales”), convirtiéndose en una gravosa carga para los padres.
Photo by Alexis Brown on Unsplash
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