José Luis Borreguero. Abogado.
La nueva Ley Hipotecaria va superando trámites, y en breve, antes de final de año, se llevará al Congreso para su aprobación. Tras ello, la aprobación definitiva en el Senado podría realizarse en marzo de 2.019.
El nuevo texto pretende elevar los estándares de transparencia de los contratos bancarios, y pretende rebajar algunas comisiones que en la actualidad se aplican sin aparente control.
Todo ello va a cambiar las reglas de juego del mercado inmobiliario, a priori, de manera significativa.
Seguidamente, resumimos los cambios más importantes.
1-La banca pagará todos los gastos de las hipotecas a excepción de la tasación. Los costes de notario, registro, gestoría y el impuesto (AJD) los abonará el Banco.
2- Las cajas rurales y las cooperativas de crédito, exentas actualmente de pagar el impuesto de Actos Jurídicos Documentados, podrían abonarlo en el caso de que concedan un préstamo.
3- El cliente podrá subrogar libremente su hipoteca, y entre las entidades se establecerá un mecanismo de compensación basado en los intereses cobrados y los pendientes de cobro vinculados al coste por los gastos de constitución de la hipoteca. No obstante, parece que las subrogaciones podrían volver a pagar impuestos. La base imponible del impuesto sería la deuda que queda por devolver más los intereses. Sin embargo, en el trámite parlamentario podría modificarse este aspecto.
4-Las comisiones de amortización anticipada para hipotecas de tipo fijo serán del 2% durante los 10 primeros años y del 1,5% a partir de este período, mientras que el cliente deberá elegir el tipo de amortización a tres o cinco años cuando su hipoteca sea a tipo variable, cuyas comisiones serán del 0,25% o del 0,15%, respectivamente.
5- Para llevar a cabo una ejecución hipotecaria, se amplían a 12 las cuotas impagadas o el 3% del capital principal prestado en la primera mitad de la vida del préstamo, y de 15 cuotas y el 7% en la segunda mitad del crédito. Hasta ahora, el banco podía iniciar este proceso si el cliente dejaba de abonar tres cuotas, aunque en la práctica nunca se iniciaba antes de siete u ocho meses. La nueva ley no afecta a los procesos de ejecución ya iniciados y que están paralizados en los tribunales europeos. Las partes podrán incorporar al contrato la posibilidad de la dación en pago si así lo acuerdan libremente entre ellas.
6- Se eliminan las cláusulas suelo. A pesar de que son legales, el Congreso ha decidido prohibirlas por ley, en los pleitos civiles instados, se está dando la razón al 97% de los clientes.
7- La comisión por interés de demora se ha quedado en el interés remuneratorio más 2 puntos, frente al triple del interés legal del dinero que dictaba el proyecto de ley del PP. Además, las entidades no podrán cobrar comisiones por novación en el préstamo.
8-Se establece que el cliente dispondrá de un borrador del contrato diez días antes de la firma y podrá recibir asesoramiento gratuito por parte de la notaría en al que va a firmar el préstamo. El notario debe asegurarse de que el cliente entiende todas las cláusulas del contrato.
9- El cliente podrá contratar con otra entidad diferente a la que le concede el préstamo, los seguros o pólizas de hogar, vida o protección del crédito, el prestamista no podrá cobrar comisión o gasto alguno por el análisis de estas pólizas. Sin embargo, sí se permitirá aplicar bonificaciones en el diferencial del préstamo por cada producto que se contrate con el banco.
10- Se creará una Autoridad Independiente para velar por la protección y transparencia en la contratación inmobiliaria y se reforzará la supervisión bancaria, para garantizar la solvencia del hipotecado.
11- El Código de Buenas Prácticas bancario deberá aplicarse con carácter permanente por todas las entidades que concedan préstamos y no solo a los préstamos firmados antes de 2012.
12-Se crea la hipoteca verde, para viviendas eficientes energéticamente, o que usen energías renovables, que estará exenta del pago del impuesto.
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
__stidv | 1 year | This cookie is used by ShareThis. This cookie is used for sharing the content from the website to social networks. |
lang | This cookie is used to store the language preferences of a user to serve up content in that stored language the next time user visit the website. | |
mc_session_ids[default] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][0] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][1] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][2] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][3] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][4] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
_gat | 1 minute | This cookies is installed by Google Universal Analytics to throttle the request rate to limit the colllection of data on high traffic sites. |
YSC | session | This cookies is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
__stid | 1 year | The cookie is set by ShareThis. The cookie is used for site analytics to determine the pages visited, the amount of time spent, etc. |
_ga | 2 years | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to calculate visitor, session, campaign data and keep track of site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors. |
_gid | 1 day | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the wbsite is doing. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages viisted in an anonymous form. |
pxcelPage_c010 | 7 days | The domain of this cookie is owned by Sharethis. This is a analytical cookie used to provide unique identifier to the computer for traffic analysis to ShareThis. It helps in enabling sharing function on the website. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
_cc_aud | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
_cc_cc | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
_cc_dc | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
_cc_id | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
EE | 4 months | This cookie is set by exelator.com. The cookies is used to store information about users' visit to the website. The data includes the number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the pages that have been loaded. This information is used to provide the users customized and targeted ads. |
IDE | 1 year 24 days | Used by Google DoubleClick and stores information about how the user uses the website and any other advertisement before visiting the website. This is used to present users with ads that are relevant to them according to the user profile. |
pi | 1 year | This is a targeting cookie, which is used for advertising.This cookie show the relevant adverts based on the visitors profile created by the cookie. |
pxrc | 2 months | The purpose of the cookie is to identify a visitor to serve relevant advertisement. |
rlas3 | 1 year | The cookie is set by rlcdn.com. The cookie is used to serve relevant ads to the visitor as well as limit the time the visitor sees an and also measure the effectiveness of the campaign. |
test_cookie | 15 minutes | This cookie is set by doubleclick.net. The purpose of the cookie is to determine if the user's browser supports cookies. |
ud | 4 months | This cookie is set by exelator.com. The cookies is used to store information about users' visit to the website. The data includes the number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the pages that have been loaded. This information is used to provide the users customized and targeted ads. |
uuid2 | 3 months | This cookies is set by AppNexus. The cookies stores information that helps in distinguishing between devices and browsers. This information us used to select advertisements served by the platform and assess the performance of the advertisement and attribute payment for those advertisements. |
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE | 5 months 27 days | This cookie is set by Youtube. Used to track the information of the embedded YouTube videos on a website. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
collect_chat_launcher_load | 1 month | No description |
collect_chat_page_load | 1 month | No description |
CONSENT | 16 years 10 months 10 days 13 hours 14 minutes | No description |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional | 1 year | The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-others | 1 year | No description |
fpestid | 1 year | No description |
st_samesite | session | No description |
zc | No description |