Noemí Hernández Merchán. Abogada colaboradora.
La Ley 8/2021, de 2 de junio ha reformado, entre otros, el artículo 96 del Código Civil que regula la atribución del uso de la vivienda familiar en los casos de separación, nulidad o divorcio y que entró en vigor el 3 de septiembre de 2021.
Se recoge en esta reforma lo que ya en la práctica están resolviendo los Juzgados y Tribunales siguiendo la línea marcada por el Tribunal Supremo que en varias de sus Sentencias ha considerado que la mayoría de edad de los hijos comunes podía ser causa para la extinción de la atribución del uso del domicilio familiar.
Pues bien esta tendencia jurisprudencial es la que ahora se ha recogido en la reforma del artículo 96 del Código Civil y ahora es ya la propia ley la que determina que si existen hijos menores de edad el derecho de uso de la vivienda familiar se les atribuirá a éstos y al cónyuge en cuya compañía queden, si bien se matiza que esto será así hasta que todos los hijos comunes alcancen la mayoría de edad. Se fundamenta esta regulación en la premisa de procurar que, siempre que ello sea posible, los menores puedan permanecer en la vivienda en la que venían residiendo antes de la crisis conyugal. La novedad es la limitación temporal de esa atribución que perdurara hasta que todos los hijos comunes alcancen la mayoría de edad, momento en el que ese derecho de uso quedará extinguido.
Una vez extinguida la atribución del uso por esta causa, si los hijos comunes a pesar de ser mayores de edad siguen siendo económicamente dependientes, sus necesidades se deben atender en conformidad con lo previsto en materia de alimentos entre parientes
En la reforma se contempla como excepción que si alguno de los hijos sufre algún tipo de discapacidad que haga conveniente o necesaria la continuación en el uso de la vivienda familiar después de que este alcance la mayoría de edad, el juez el deberá determinar el plazo de duración de ese derecho de uso.
A la luz de esta nueva regulación se puede concluir que el derecho de uso se extingue cuando los hijos menores alcanzan la mayoría de edad (salvo que por una discapacidad, se hubiera establecido un plazo de duración) y en los casos de hijos mayores o cónyuge sin hijos, cuando expire al plazo por el que se concedió, o antes, si cesa la situación de necesidad de vivienda que motivó la atribución, a no ser que existan motivos que justifiquen su prórroga.
Esta nueva regulación puede dar pie para solicitar una modificación de medidas en todos aquellos supuestos en los que, en conformidad con la legislación anterior, la atribución del uso no tiene una limitación temporal para solicitar que aquel se extinga en el caso de que exista causa para ello.
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