Miriam Sáez, abogada colaboradora y Mari Carmen Quintero, graduada en derecho en prácticas.
El pasado día 3 de junio de 2021 se publicó en el BOE la Ley 8/2021, de 2 de junio, por la que se reforma la legislación civil y procesal para el apoyo a las personas con discapacidad en el ejercicio de su capacidad jurídica, cambio legislativo que tuvo su entrada en vigor el 03 de septiembre de 2021.
Lo cierto es que el derecho de familia necesita una reforma en profundidad que ahonde y se adecúe a las actuales situaciones y, porque no decirlo, facilitando la aplicación del propio artículo 3 adaptándose a la realidad social del tiempo en que han de ser aplicadas.
Este cambio legislativo a priori no iba a revestir importantes modificaciones, sin embargo el cambio introducido en el artículo 94, ha sido cuestionado por buena parte de la doctrina.
Antes de esta reforma, el artículo 94 CC contemplaba la facultad de limitar o suspender el régimen de visitas si daban graves circunstancias para ello o incumplimiento reiterado de los deberes impuestos como facultad dispositiva atribuida al Juzgador.
¿Qué contempla la actual redacción del artículo 94 CC?
Aunque mantiene la facultad dispositiva del Juez atribuida para determinar el tiempo, modo y lugar en que se ejercita el derecho de visitas, comunicación y estancia, la redacción más conflictiva la encontramos a continuación, cuando expresa “No procederá el establecimiento de un régimen de visita o estancia, y si existiera se suspenderá, respecto del progenitor que esté incurso en un proceso penal iniciado por atentar contra la vida, la integridad física, la libertad, la integridad moral o la libertad e indemnidad sexual del otro cónyuge o sus hijos.”
Cabe apreciar, por tanto, la suspensión directa de los derechos de visita o estancia de manera imperativa y automática, al menos, de manera inicial.
Manteniendo además que “Tampoco procederá cuando la autoridad judicial advierta, de las alegaciones de las partes y las pruebas practicadas, la existencia de indicios fundados de violencia doméstica o de género.
Es decir, no es necesario el inicio del procedimiento penal, sino que basta con que la autoridad judicial “advierta” la existencia de indicios fundados.
No obstante, la autoridad judicial podrá establecer un régimen de visita, comunicación o estancia en resolución motivada en el interés superior del menor o en la voluntad, deseos y preferencias del mayor con discapacidad necesitado de apoyos y previa evaluación de la situación de la relación paterno filial».”
Posibilidad de reestablecer el régimen de visitas, comunicación o estancia pero condicionada a la evaluación de la relación paterno filial y siempre de forma motivada.
Además, de la controversia ya planteada, la actual redacción y la falta de desarrollo de procedimientos que den cobertura a estas situaciones, nos deja algunas cuestiones importantes como:
Para obtener respuesta a todas estas cuestiones no tendremos más remedio que dar solución y respuesta aplicando la justicia y el mayor del sentido común, a la espera de que sean nuestros Tribunales quienes asienten el camino a seguir a medida que vayan produciéndose estas situaciones.
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