Noemí Hernández Merchán. Abogada Asociada.
Si los hijos son menores de edad, la respuesta es un SI, con mayúsculas y sin fisuras; hasta que los hijos no alcancen la mayoría de edad, los progenitores vienen obligados a abonar pensión de alimentos, aunque la relación con aquellos sea inexistente. Pero, ¿Qué ocurre cuando los hijos son mayores de edad y no existe relación con ellos?
Tradicionalmente nuestros tribunales, de manera general, han entendido que la existencia de una mala relación entre padres e hijos, e incluso la inexistencia de relación afectiva, no era motivo suficiente para extinguir la pensión de alimentos, al considerar que esta era una cuestión estrictamente moral que se escapaba de cualquier tipo de valoración jurídica.
Sin embargo, el Tribunal Supremo en su Sentencia de 19 de febrero de 2019 cambia de criterio y abre la puerta a la posibilidad de extinguir la pensión de alimentos de aquellos hijos mayores de edad que no mantienen ningún tipo de relación con el progenitor obligado al pago de la referida pensión. En la sentencia se determina que si los hijos han incurrido en causa de desheredación y en concreto han maltratado de obra o han injuriado gravemente al progenitor alimentante, se podrá acordar la extinción de la pensión de alimentos, debiendo tener en cuenta, en todo caso, las circunstancias concretas del supuesto que se está enjuiciando.
Razona la Sentencia que «cuando la solidaridad intergeneracional ha desaparecido por haber incurrido el legitimario en alguna de las conductas reprobables previstas en la ley es lícita su privación. No resultaría equitativo que quien renuncia a las relaciones familiares y al respaldo y ayuda de todo tipo que éstas comportan, pueda verse beneficiado después por una institución jurídica que encuentra su fundamento, precisamente, en los vínculos parentales”.
Así, y en aplicación de la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo, para que pueda extinguirse la pensión de alimentos de los hijos mayores de edad por falta de relación con el progenitor es necesario acreditar y poder probar dos extremos, a saber:
A la luz de lo expuesto, es cierto que tener causa o no para la extinción de la pensión de alimentos en estos casos, va a ser principalmente una cuestión de prueba que puede presentar cierta dificultad sobre todo a la hora de señalar como responsable principal de la falta de relación al hijo, bastaría con alegar que la relación no existe por falta de habilidades o interés del progenitor para que el motivo no prosperase.
En cualquier caso no se puede obviar que con esta Sentencia se ha abierto una puerta y que los tribunales van cambiando sus criterios adecuándose a la realidad social, a los problemas actuales de las familias y a los diferentes modelos familiares que existen y van surgiendo.
Photo by Sandy Millar on Unsplash
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