Gerardo Parejo Fernández. Abogado Colaborador.
Desde el pasado 30 de abril ya pueden celebrarse íntegramente los matrimonios ante Notario. Hasta entonces, si bien podían celebrarse matrimonios desde julio de 2015 con la aprobación de la Ley 15/2015 de la Jurisdicción Voluntaria, el preceptivo expediente previo a su celebración debía ser tramitado por el Registro Civil.
Esto significa que ahora las Notarías podrán ofrecer a los ciudadanos el trámite matrimonial completo sin necesidad de tener que pasar por ninguna otra instancia u organismo.
La referida Ley de la Jurisdicción Voluntaria ya contemplaba la tramitación del expediente o acta previa matrimonial por parte de las Notarías, si bien establecía una carencia de 3 años para su puesta en marcha, que ha ido prorrogándose hasta perfeccionar la vinculación digital entre el Registro Civil y las Notarías.
El expediente de acta previa al matrimonio es una condición necesaria para celebrar el mismo. Su finalidad es comprobar que los contrayentes reúnen los requisitos legales para contraer matrimonio y que no concurren impedimentos (parentesco, minoría de edad y existencia de un matrimonio previo en vigor, u otros obstáculos). También establece la determinación del régimen matrimonial aplicable y en la vecindad de los contrayentes.
Los futuros cónyuges deberán acudir al Notario competente por razón de su domicilio, y presentar la documentación necesaria, esto es:
Una vez aportada la documentación, el Notario recibirá en audiencia por separado a los futuros contrayentes y a los testigos, para comprobar su capacidad y que no concurren impedimentos legales. Finalmente, el Notario levantará un Acta por la que autorizará la celebración del matrimonio durante el plazo de un año. Caso de transcurrir el mismo sin contraerse el matrimonio, deberá otorgarse un nuevo Acta.
El matrimonio podrá formalizarse ante el mismo Notario que otorgó el Acta Previa, u otro notario o autoridad delegada, ante un juez de paz, concejal o alcalde, o en el Registro Civil.
De considerar el Notario que existe algún impedimento para contraerse el matrimonio, lo hará constar en una resolución motivada, que podrá ser recurrida en el plazo de un mes, ante la Dirección General de Seguridad Jurídica y Fe Pública.
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