Abogada colaboradora , Maria del Carmen Quintero
La pensión compensatoria, tal y como su propio nombre indica, es una compensación económica que puede recibir el cónyuge que tras la separación o divorcio haya visto empeorada su situación económica con respecto a la que disfrutaba durante el matrimonio. El objetivo de esta clase de pensión es la de compensar el desequilibrio económico que puede provocarse por la ruptura matrimonial y va enfocado al cónyuge que resulte más perjudicado.
La regulación de esta pensión viene establecida en el artículo 97 de nuestro Código Civil que dice lo siguiente:
“El cónyuge al que la separación o el divorcio produzca un desequilibrio económico en relación con la posición del otro, que implique un empeoramiento en su situación anterior en el matrimonio, tendrá derecho a una compensación que podrá consistir en una pensión temporal o por tiempo indefinido, o en una prestación única, según se determine en el convenio regulador o en la sentencia.”
Esta pensión compensatoria tiene efectos tanto en personas unidas por vínculo matrimonial como en parejas de hecho, puede tener carácter indefinido o temporal y se puede abonar mediante una renta o mediante la entrega de un usufructo sobre determinados bienes.
¿Y cómo sé si tengo derecho o no a la misma?
En primer lugar, se puede hacer siempre de mutuo acuerdo si así lo consideran ambos cónyuges.
Sin embargo, en caso de que no haya acuerdo, junto con la demanda de separación o divorcio, se puede reclamar la misma al otro cónyuge y para ello se ha de tener en cuenta lo siguiente:
¿Y cuándo se puede extinguir?
Por tanto, en caso de que se esté ante un proceso de separación o divorcio, siempre es conveniente tener en cuenta estos aspectos antes de interponer la correspondiente demanda, ya que una vez separado o divorciado, no se podrá solicitar la pensión compensatoria.
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