Abogado colaborador, Juan Carlos Hernández
La reciente sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de 22 de febrero de 2024 no ha conseguido arrojar demasiada luz acerca de la situación jurídica de los trabajadores del Sector Público que hayan visto prolongados abusivamente sus contratos temporales. Es por ello que la Sala Cuarta del Tribunal Supremo no ha tardado en elevar nueva cuestión prejudicial al respecto, en virtud de su Auto (Pleno) de 30 de mayo de 2024.
Lo que el Alto Tribunal cuestiona en esencia en este caso es si, el hecho de negar el reconocimiento de la condición de trabajadores fijos del sector público a los trabajadores indefinidos no fijos, puede resultar o no contrario a los principios de igualdad, mérito, capacidad y no discriminación en la libre circulación de trabajadores.
Pues bien, en el supuesto de que esta primera respuesta fuese afirmativa, se cuestiona también si, el hecho de reconocer una indemnización disuasoria al trabajador indefinido no fijo en el momento de la extinción de su relación laboral, puede entenderse o no como una medida adecuada para prevenir y, en su caso, sancionar los abusos derivados de la utilización sucesiva de contratos temporales en el sector público.
Por otro lado, el Auto en cuestión asegura que nuestra jurisprudencia ya ha procedido a equipar los derechos del personal indefinido no fijo con los del personal fijo. Igualmente, también defiende que existen requerimientos dirigidos a la Administración empleadora para que la plaza en cuestión sea convocada a concurso. Ello, además, sin olvidar que nuestra jurisprudencia ya concede actualmente indemnizaciones adicionales por los daños y perjuicios causados en estos casos.
En este sentido, la Sala Cuarta insiste en que la decisión del Tribunal de Justicia influirá necesariamente en el derecho a la no discriminación y la libre circulación de cuantas personas quisieren intentar acceder al empleo público en cuestión. Y a tal efecto también recuerda que existirían numerosas garantías alternativas para proteger a estos trabajadores indefinidos no fijos, y sin que ello suponga una consecuencia tan drástica a nivel de Derecho interno.
Establece asimismo el Pleno de la Sala que la consecuencia natural de calificar como fijo a todo el personal laboral con la condición de indefinido no fijo, sería la de eximir a la Administración de convocar estos procesos selectivos, negando con ello al resto de los ciudadanos del derecho a participar en los mismos.
En definitiva, la Sala entiende que la aplicación del Derecho comunitario no puede llevar de modo alguno a una consecuencia tan drástica a nivel de Derecho interno, cuando, como ya hemos mencionado anteriormente, ya existirían otras medidas alternativas para alcanzar los mismos objetivos disuasorios, como puede ser la transformación del contrato temporal en indefinido no fijo.
Por último, el Supremo hace referencia a la necesidad resolver de modo definitivo sobre si la actual situación de los indefinidos no fijos se opone o no al Derecho comunitario en materia de empleo temporal y de no discriminación, teniendo especialmente en cuenta el alto índice de temporalidad existente en la sociedad española.
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