Noemí Hernández Merchán. Abogada colaboradora.
La respuesta en principio, y sin perjuicio de la excepción a la que luego se hará referencia, es sí; hasta que no sea firme la sentencia que decrete la separación o el divorcio, la sociedad de gananciales sigue vigente. Ello es así porque el artículo 1.392 del Código Civil determina que la sociedad de gananciales concluirá de pleno derecho cuando se produzca el divorcio, la separación o la nulidad del matrimonio, o cuando los cónyuges liquiden ese régimen económico de gananciales.
Esto supone que mientras los cónyuges no acudan al Juzgado a solicitar su separación o divorcio, todas las operaciones económicas que cada uno de ellos lleve a cabo vinculan y afectan a los bienes y al otro, aunque lleven años separados de hecho y sin convivencia.
A ninguno se nos escapa que son muchos los casos en los que se produce una separación de hecho y no es hasta muchos meses e incluso años después cuando el matrimonio acude al Juzgado para “formalizar” su divorcio o separación; estas situaciones, más frecuentes de lo deseable, son las que han llevado a nuestros Tribunales a apreciar, que sin concurren determinadas circunstancias, los efectos de esa disolución puedan retrotraerse al momento en el que se produce la separación de hecho efectiva, adaptando la interpretación de lo legalmente dispuesto al principio de buena fe y a la realidad social.
Así los Tribunales vienen entendiendo que la separación de hecho puede disolver la sociedad de gananciales, y a este momento se retrotraerán sus efectos, cuando transcurra un tiempo prudencial entre la separación de hecho y el inicio de los trámites judiciales siempre que en ese tiempo exista un cese efectivo y serio de la convivencia conyugal y no se trate de una simple interrupción de aquella y que exista además una voluntad real e inequívoca de poner fin a la sociedad de gananciales sin llevar a cabo actuaciones que puedan dar lugar a una confusión de los patrimonios de ambos.
Motivan los tribunales esta decisión en que el fundamento de la sociedad es la convivencia de los cónyugespor lo que debe entenderse “que, producida de modo irreversible la ruptura de la convivencia, los bienes obtenidos por cada uno de los cónyuges no se integran en la sociedad de gananciales”; es lógico pensar que si el fundamento de la sociedad de gananciales es la convivencia, si esta se rompe de manera definitiva, la vigencia de ese régimen económico no tienen razón de ser, ni hay motivo para que los cónyuges se vean beneficiados o perjudicados por los negocios jurídicos que lleve a cabo el otro y en los que no ha tenido ninguna participación ni contribución.
En cualquier caso, esta decisión dependerá de las circunstancias que concurran en cada caso en concreto, por lo que lo más conveniente para evitar conflictos, es solicitar judicialmente la separación o divorcio en cuanto ésta se produzca.
Este artículo es informativo y no constituye un asesoramiento personalizado para usted.
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1 Comment
Buenas , me gustaría saber si un abuelo solo él puede denunciar para ver a su nieto cuando las dos partes paternas deciden que no tiene que verlo por qué no a estado en ningún momento del año que tiene mi hijo y no se a echo cargo de nada lo que tiene que ver con mi hijo