Sergio Díaz López. Abogado Asociado.
El año 2016 nos ha traído diversas resoluciones judiciales que han dejado en evidencia determinadas prácticas bancarias, declarándolas nulas en algunos casos (gastos referidos a los préstamos hipotecarios) y concretando las obligaciones de las entidades consecuencia de tal nulidad en otros (caso cláusulas suelo).
A esta vorágine de varapalos judiciales, se suma la reciente Sentencia dictada por la Audiencia Provincial de Alava, de 30 de diciembre, que desestima el recurso de apelación interpuesto por la entidad Kutxabank contra una anterior Sentencia dictada por un Juzgado de Primera Instancia de Vitoria, con fecha 17 de junio del mismo año. El Juzgado de Primera Instancia declaró la nulidad de una cláusula que establece una comisión a cargo del cliente por reclamación de posiciones deudoras, que resulta contraria a Derecho por su abusividad conforme a la normativa de protección de consumidores y usuarios. Dicha Sentencia también condenaba a la entidad bancaria a la eliminación de la citada cláusula de sus condiciones generales, cesar en su imposición o cobrarla a su clientela, en contratos actuales y futuros.
La cláusula en cuestión venía siendo incluida en la práctica totalidad de los contratos de cuentas a la vista y de crédito. Dice la cláusula: «Por cada situación de impago de préstamo o crédito, así como por cada posición deudora que se produzca en cuenta a la vista, y una vez realizada la oportuna gestión personalizada (de las que se recogerá constancia fehaciente) con el cliente solicitando su regularización, se devengará una comisión en concepto de Comisión por reclamación de posiciones deudoras vencidas o descubiertos que se liquidará en cuenta, siendo el importe de la misma 30 euros”.
La entidad Kutxabank defendía que la citada cláusula tenía la naturaleza de cláusula penal, que indemniza el daño que se le podía ocasionar por el incumplimiento por parte de la clientela. Sin embargo, la Sentencia es clara al afirmar que al producirse una situación de posición deudora en la cuenta, no se puede entender que el recobro por el Banco sea un servicio prestado al cliente, ni tampoco un gasto en el que incurre el Banco. En definitiva, es un servicio que no se presta en modo alguno al consumidor, y por tanto no se puede retribuir el mismo por parte del consumidor. Por otra parte, también tiene en cuenta la Sentencia que una situación de descubierto en una cuenta pone en marcha el mecanismo del interés de demora, que se considera indemnizatorio, por lo que resulta desproporcionado cobrar por una parte dicho interés y por otro la comisión pactada.
Considera la Sentencia que se vulneran diversos preceptos en materia de consumidores y usuarios, al privar al cliente de conocer el medio de reclamación que se va a emplear por la entidad bancaria, de saber cuánto se le carga o que plazo tiene para regularizar la situación de descubierto; por no existir una reciprocidad al no disponer el cliente de una indemnización correlativa en caso de reclamación a la entidad bancaria y por imponer al consumidor los gastos de documentación y tramitación de la reclamación.
A pesar de no ser la primera resolución dictada en este sentido (existen precedentes en Sentencias de las Audiencias Provinciales de Sevilla, Jaén o Salamanca, por ejemplo) es evidente que la reciente resolución toma relevancia al unirse al resto de resoluciones que vienen dictándose en contra de los intereses de las entidades bancarias.
Fotografía unsplash.com
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
__stidv | 1 year | This cookie is used by ShareThis. This cookie is used for sharing the content from the website to social networks. |
lang | This cookie is used to store the language preferences of a user to serve up content in that stored language the next time user visit the website. | |
mc_session_ids[default] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][0] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][1] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][2] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][3] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][4] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
_gat | 1 minute | This cookies is installed by Google Universal Analytics to throttle the request rate to limit the colllection of data on high traffic sites. |
YSC | session | This cookies is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
__stid | 1 year | The cookie is set by ShareThis. The cookie is used for site analytics to determine the pages visited, the amount of time spent, etc. |
_ga | 2 years | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to calculate visitor, session, campaign data and keep track of site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors. |
_gid | 1 day | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the wbsite is doing. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages viisted in an anonymous form. |
pxcelPage_c010 | 7 days | The domain of this cookie is owned by Sharethis. This is a analytical cookie used to provide unique identifier to the computer for traffic analysis to ShareThis. It helps in enabling sharing function on the website. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
_cc_aud | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
_cc_cc | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
_cc_dc | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
_cc_id | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
EE | 4 months | This cookie is set by exelator.com. The cookies is used to store information about users' visit to the website. The data includes the number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the pages that have been loaded. This information is used to provide the users customized and targeted ads. |
IDE | 1 year 24 days | Used by Google DoubleClick and stores information about how the user uses the website and any other advertisement before visiting the website. This is used to present users with ads that are relevant to them according to the user profile. |
pi | 1 year | This is a targeting cookie, which is used for advertising.This cookie show the relevant adverts based on the visitors profile created by the cookie. |
pxrc | 2 months | The purpose of the cookie is to identify a visitor to serve relevant advertisement. |
rlas3 | 1 year | The cookie is set by rlcdn.com. The cookie is used to serve relevant ads to the visitor as well as limit the time the visitor sees an and also measure the effectiveness of the campaign. |
test_cookie | 15 minutes | This cookie is set by doubleclick.net. The purpose of the cookie is to determine if the user's browser supports cookies. |
ud | 4 months | This cookie is set by exelator.com. The cookies is used to store information about users' visit to the website. The data includes the number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the pages that have been loaded. This information is used to provide the users customized and targeted ads. |
uuid2 | 3 months | This cookies is set by AppNexus. The cookies stores information that helps in distinguishing between devices and browsers. This information us used to select advertisements served by the platform and assess the performance of the advertisement and attribute payment for those advertisements. |
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE | 5 months 27 days | This cookie is set by Youtube. Used to track the information of the embedded YouTube videos on a website. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
collect_chat_launcher_load | 1 month | No description |
collect_chat_page_load | 1 month | No description |
CONSENT | 16 years 10 months 10 days 13 hours 14 minutes | No description |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional | 1 year | The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-others | 1 year | No description |
fpestid | 1 year | No description |
st_samesite | session | No description |
zc | No description |
2 Comments
EL BANCO SE QUEDO CON MI NEGOCIO POR MENOS DE LA TASACION QUE TENIA EN MI HIPOTECA HACE DOS AÑOS. PUEDO RECLAMARLE LAS GASTOS HIPOTECARIOS Y LOS INTERESES DE DEMORA.GRACIAS.
La Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo trata una reclamación formulada por un particular en su condición de consumidor, por lo que a priori no sería aplicable en su caso.