Gerardo Parejo Fernández. Abogado colaborador.
El Tribunal Supremo confirmó en octubre de 2021 las multas impuestas a los fabricantes de automóviles por la CNMC, en su resolución de 23 de Julio de 2015, por una infracción de los artículos 101 del Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea (TFUE) y 1 de la Ley de Defensa de la Competencia (LDC) por considerar que existía un “cártel de intercambio de información confidencial, futura y estratégica en las áreas de gestión empresarial, postventa y marketing”.
Las sanciones impuestas superan los 129 millones de euros, y afecta a 32 fabricantes de vehículos, : AUDI, BMW, CHEVROLET, CHRYSLER, JEEP, DACIA, DODGE, CITROËN, FIAT, LANCIA, ALFA ROMEO, FORD, HONDA, HYUNDAI, LEXUS, KIA, MAZDA, MERCEDES, MINI, MITSUBISHI, NISSAN, OPEL, PEUGEOT, PORSCHE, RENAULT, SAAB, SEAT, SKODA, SMART, TOYOTA, VOLKSWAGEN y VOLVO; en aquellas ventas que tuvieron lugar entre febrero de 2006 y julio de 2013.
El Tribunal Supremo basó su decisión en el “intercambio de información confidencial comercialmente sensible, actual y futura, altamente desagregada. Los intercambios de información eran parte de un acuerdo complejo, que subsume múltiples acuerdos de intercambio de información, en ejecución de un plan preconcebido, aprovechando idéntica ocasión generada por foros específicos de comercialización y posventa, utilizando métodos y sistemas de seguimiento con la misma finalidad, desde febrero de 2006 hasta agosto de 2013. La información intercambiada entre las empresas incoadas cubría la práctica totalidad de las actividades realizadas por dichas empresas mediante su Red de concesionarios: venta de vehículos nuevos, usados, prestación de servicios de taller, reparación, mantenimiento y venta de piezas de recambios oficiales”.
Según el Tribunal, mientras estuvo operativo el cártel, sus integrantes compartieron en secreto información comercial esencial para la fijación de precios, ocasionando así el pago de un sobreprecio a los adquirentes de sus vehículos.
Aquellos afectados que quieran reclamar en los Juzgados, deberán justificar el daño y su cuantificación económica, siendo recomendable contar con un informe pericial.
La reclamación deberá formularse directamente contra el fabricante del vehículo, si bien lo ideal es enviar previamente un requerimiento extrajudicial antes de presentar la demanda.
A la demanda se deberá acompañar la siguiente documentación:
El plazo de prescripción para reclamar dependerá del fabricante al que vayamos a reclamar, considerando que dispondremos de 5 años. No obstante, lo recomendable es reclamar en el plazo de un año a contar desde la última Sentencia dictada contra el fabricante a quien vayamos a dirigirnos. Por poner un ejemplo, si fuéramos a reclamar a FORD, los afectados deberían presentar su reclamación, aunque sea extrajudicial, antes de mayo de 2022.
Finalmente y en cuanto a la cantidad que podremos reclamar, dependerá de cada caso concreto y la valoración que estime el perito si optamos por aportar un informe pericial (que es lo recomendable), si bien se estima entre un 10% y un 12 % del valor de compra del vehículo en cuestión.
Si te encuentras en esta situación y deseas saber más sobre tu caso en particular puedes contactar con nosotros en el info@leonolarte.com.
Este artículo es informativo y no constituye un asesoramiento personalizado para usted.
Si usted desea resolver una consulta relacionada con esta temática o cualquier otra, puede contactarnos a través de este formulario.
Photo by Jose Carbajal on Unsplash
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