Noemí Hernández Merchán. Abogada Asociada.
El Real Decreto 463/20 de 14 de marzo, modificado por Real Decreto 465/20 de 17 de marzo, declara el estado de alarma y establece un conjunto de medidas entre las que se encuentran una serie de limitaciones a la libertad de circulación permitiendo expresamente que, de manera individual, se haga para la “asistencia y cuidado a menores”.
La redacción dada al precepto permite concluir que ni el desarrollo del sistema de custodia compartida, ni el régimen de visitas, se ven afectados por las limitaciones establecidas para el estado de alarma, siendo por lo tanto de obligado cumplimiento lo dispuesto al efecto en las resoluciones judiciales.
De este modo, la suspensión del régimen de visitas o de custodia sólo podría operar si así se estableciese de manera expresa y general en una norma escrita o de manera particular y concreta por el juez que ha conocido del asunto en cuestión. Esto es precisamente lo que ha ocurrido en el municipio de Alcorcón (Madrid) en el que el juez de 1ª instancia conocedor del asunto ante la petición expresa de uno de los progenitores, ha acordado suspender el régimen de visitas al considerar que durante la vigencia del estado de alarma no es posible el traslado por el progenitor paterno al domicilio del menor para el ejercicio del régimen de visitas.
Sin perjuicio de esta decisión concreta y que solo afecta al supuesto particular al que se refiere, de momento ninguna de las nomas aprobadas contempla la suspensión del régimen de visitas o custodia, por lo que aquellos deben seguir desarrollándose con normalidad observándose las medidas de seguridad sanitarias obligatorias, de modo que el traslado de los menores y la estancia con el otro progenitor no tiene que suponer ningún riesgo. Es evidente, y huelga decir, que los desplazamientos de los menores deben ser lo más directos posibles sin estar permitido la asistencia de éstos a reuniones familiares, cumpleaños o visitas a otros niños.
En todo caso los progenitores deben utilizar el sentido común, la lógica y la sensatez tratando de llegar a acuerdos que sean lo más beneficiosos posibles para los menores y para las respectivas familias, procurand, así, evitar riesgos innecesarios y situaciones en los que la salida de los hijos comunes de su domicilio habitual no sea lo más beneficioso, como puede ocurrir en los casos en los que los menores presenten patologías previas que supongan una especial vulnerabilidad al coronavirus, o en los casos en los que las circunstancias personales de los progenitores lo aconsejen (por ejemplo que se conviva con personas mayores o vulnerables al covid-19).
Cuestión diferente es que los menores se vean obligados a guardar aislamiento en su domicilio, o que los progenitores residan en municipios diferentes y se decrete el aislamiento de cualquiera de los municipios, en estos casos el régimen de visitas debe ser suspendido al concurrir causa de fuerza mayor, debiendo favorecer el contacto de los menores con el otro progenitor por teléfono o videoconferencia.
Photo by Sven Brandsma on Unsplash
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