Rocio Osorio Leal. Abogada Experta en temas de Extranjería.
Uno de los trámites más habituales requeridos por las empresas dentro del contexto globalizado en que nos encontramos, es la contratación de ciudadanos extranjeros desde España, gestionando su llegada y la obtención de su residencia temporal y trabajo.
En estos casos el empresario, personalmente, o a través de un representante legal tiene que solicitar la autorización inicial de residencia y trabajo por cuenta ajena ante la Oficina de Extranjería de la provincia donde la empresa tenga el centro de trabajo y se vayan a prestar los servicios.
En primer lugar, hay que mencionar una serie de obligaciones que tanto el trabajador como el empresario deberán cumplir para la concesión de dicha autorización.
El trabajador, respecto de la residencia, deberá no ser ciudadano de un estado miembro de la Unión Europea, no encontrarse de manera irregular ni tener la entrada prohibida en España, carecer de antecedentes penales y no encontrarse dentro del plazo de compromiso de no retorno a España. En relación a su contratación, deberá poseer la capacitación y cualificación profesional legalmente exigida, que la situación nacional de empleo permita la contratación, presentar un contrato firmado por el empresario y trabajador que garantice una actividad continuada durante el periodo de vigencia de la autorización para residir y trabajar y, por supuesto, las condiciones fijadas en el contrato de trabajo se deberán ajustar a las establecidas por la normativa vigente.
Por su parte, el empresario deberá estar inscrito en el régimen de Seguridad Social y encontrarse al corriente de las cuotas y obligaciones tributarias. Igualmente, deberá contar con medios económicos, materiales o personales suficientes para su empresa y para hacer frente a las obligaciones asumidas en el contrato frente al trabajador y tendrá que abonar las tasas por la tramitación de la autorización.
Por ello, es necesario aportar la documentación referida al trabajador y a la empresa que acredite el cumplimiento de los requisitos exigidos para la concesión de la autorización de residencia temporal y trabajo. Además, los documentos extranjeros que se presenten, dependiendo del país que los haya expedido, deberán estar debidamente traducidos y legalizados.
La Administración resolverá la solicitud en el plazo de tres meses contados a partir del día siguiente a la fecha de presentación en la Oficina de Extranjería correspondiente para su tramitación. Una vez concedida la autorización, el trabajador extranjero en el plazo de un mes desde la notificación al empresario solicitará el visado en el Consulado en su país de origen y deberá entrar en España durante los tres meses de vigencia del mismo, que le habilita para la entrada y permanencia en España en situación de estancia hasta que el trabajador sea dado de alta en Seguridad Social dentro del plazo de tres meses desde la entrada. Posteriormente, obtendrá la Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjeros en la Comisaría de Policía de su domicilio que acreditará la situación legal del extranjero en España.
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