Abogada Colaboradora, María del Camen Quintero
La identidad de un niño es un aspecto fundamental de su desarrollo y bienestar, y los apellidos juegan un papel importante en esa identidad. Sin embargo, la cuestión de si se pueden cambiar los apellidos de un menor de edad sin el consentimiento del otro progenitor es un tema que genera muchas dudas entre los padres.
En primer lugar, es esencial entender que el apellido de un menor se establece al momento de su inscripción en el registro civil, generalmente dependiendo del apellido de los padres. La legislación en muchos países, incluida España, establece que el niño debe llevar los apellidos de sus progenitores, y cualquier cambio en este sentido debe ser cuidadosamente considerado.
Según el Código Civil, para modificar el apellido de un menor, se requiere el consentimiento de ambos progenitores. Esto significa que, en general, no se puede cambiar el apellido de un niño de manera unilateral. La norma busca proteger el interés del menor y fomentar el acuerdo entre los progenitores, evitando así conflictos que puedan perjudicar a la criatura.
Sin embargo, existen excepciones en las que se puede solicitar el cambio de apellidos a través de una vía judicial, especialmente en situaciones en las que se pueda demostrar que el apellido actual del menor le causa un perjuicio. Por ejemplo, si un apellido es objeto de burla o estigmatización, o si se ha generado confusión debido a la separación de los padres, se podría plantear ante el juez la necesidad de cambiar el apellido.
En la práctica, si uno de los progenitores desea cambiar el apellido del menor sin la aprobación del otro, debe presentar una demanda ante el juez de familia. En esta solicitud, se deberá argumentar por qué el cambio es favorable para el bienestar del menor y presentar pruebas que respalden esa afirmación. El juez evaluará la situación a fondo, considerando el interés superior del menor como el criterio primordial.
Es importante tener en cuenta que cualquier cambio en la situación familiar o el entorno del menor puede influir en la decisión judicial. Por lo tanto, es fundamental contar con el asesoramiento de abogados especializados en derecho de familia para abordar con eficacia esta cuestión y garantizar que se sigan todos los pasos necesarios.
En conclusión, aunque cambiar el apellido de un menor de edad sin el consentimiento del otro progenitor es complicado y, en general, no permitido, existen caminos legales que pueden explorarse bajo circunstancias especiales.
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