Abogado colaborador, Juan Carlos Hernández
El Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales, en su última resolución de 29 de julio de 2024, ha fallado contra España, considerando que la indemnización por despido improcedente actualmente vigente en nuestro país contraviene de forma expresa lo previsto en el artículo 24 de la Carta Social Europea.
En España, conforme a la legislación actual en vigor, y atendiendo específicamente a la redacción del artículo 56.1 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores, el límite máximo de la indemnización en el supuesto de despido improcedente no puede exceder de los 33 días de salario por año de servicio, con un límite máximo de 24 mensualidades. Igualmente, y para el caso de tratarse de despidos por causas objetivas, así como despidos colectivos por causas económicas, organizativas, técnicas o productivas, el límite máximo legal no puede exceder de los 20 días de salario por año de servicio, con un máximo de 12 mensualidades (artículo 53.1 b) ET).
Pues bien, el organismo consultivo del Consejo de Europa en materia de derechos sociales señala que la actual indemnización por despido improcedente “no es lo suficientemente elevada como para reparar el daño sufrido por la víctima en todos los casos y para disuadir al empleador” para aquellos supuestos en los que se proceda a realizar el despido. Por su parte, el Comité Europeo también advierte que “no puede excluirse que la indemnización predeterminada pueda servir más bien como un incentivo para que el empleador despida a los trabajadores de manera injusta”. Y que “De hecho, en ciertos casos, los límites máximos de indemnización podrían inducir a los empleadores a realizar una estimación pragmática de la carga financiera de un despido improcedente sobre la base de un análisis de costes y beneficios. En algunas situaciones, esto podría fomentar despidos improcedentes”.
De igual forma, la resolución del Comité apunta que las circunstancias personales del trabajador han también de valorarse en la cuantificación de la indemnización por despido:
“Es posible que no se tenga debidamente en cuenta el perjuicio real sufrido por el trabajador afectado en relación con las características específicas del caso, entre otras cosas porque la posibilidad de una indemnización adicional es muy limitada”, apunta el Comité”.
En definitiva, la citada resolución del Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales viene a exigir formalmente a España el establecimiento de un nuevo sistema indemnizatorio que supere el de compensación tasada actualmente en vigor y que a su vez permita fijar indemnizaciones atendiendo a las características y circunstancias concretas de la persona afectada, cumpliéndose de este modo con la doble finalidad reparadora de los daños y perjuicios causados y al mismo tiempo disuasoria en la posible actuación futura del empleador.
Por su parte, tras tener conocimiento del fallo, el sindicato UGT ha instado mediante comunicado formal tanto al Gobierno como al resto de agentes sociales, para sentarse conjuntamente en la mesa del diálogo social, y lograr así una adaptación de la actual legislación española a la presente resolución, la cual entiende que es de carácter vinculante. Sin embargo, esta opinión confronta directamente con la de la patronal, la cual considera que las resoluciones del Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales revisten únicamente naturaleza jurídica de dictamen o recomendación, de modo que en ningún caso han de resultar de obligado cumplimiento para los Estados firmantes de la Carta Social Europea.
////////
Este artículo es informativo y no constituye un asesoramiento personalizado para usted. Si usted desea resolver una consulta relacionada con esta temática o cualquier otra, puede contactarnos a través de este formulario.
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
__stidv | 1 year | This cookie is used by ShareThis. This cookie is used for sharing the content from the website to social networks. |
lang | This cookie is used to store the language preferences of a user to serve up content in that stored language the next time user visit the website. | |
mc_session_ids[default] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][0] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][1] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][2] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][3] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
mc_session_ids[multi][4] | 5 minutes | This cookie is set by the provider ReCaptcha. This is used by the Captcha plugin for the website forms. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
_gat | 1 minute | This cookies is installed by Google Universal Analytics to throttle the request rate to limit the colllection of data on high traffic sites. |
YSC | session | This cookies is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
__stid | 1 year | The cookie is set by ShareThis. The cookie is used for site analytics to determine the pages visited, the amount of time spent, etc. |
_ga | 2 years | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to calculate visitor, session, campaign data and keep track of site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors. |
_gid | 1 day | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the wbsite is doing. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages viisted in an anonymous form. |
pxcelPage_c010 | 7 days | The domain of this cookie is owned by Sharethis. This is a analytical cookie used to provide unique identifier to the computer for traffic analysis to ShareThis. It helps in enabling sharing function on the website. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
_cc_aud | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
_cc_cc | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
_cc_dc | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
_cc_id | 8 months 26 days | The cookie is set by crwdcntrl.net. The purpose of the cookie is to collect statistical information in an anonymous form about the visitors of the website. The data collected include number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the what pages have been loaded. These data are then used to segment audiences based on the geographical location, demographic, and user interest provide relevant content and for advertisers for targeted advertising. |
EE | 4 months | This cookie is set by exelator.com. The cookies is used to store information about users' visit to the website. The data includes the number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the pages that have been loaded. This information is used to provide the users customized and targeted ads. |
IDE | 1 year 24 days | Used by Google DoubleClick and stores information about how the user uses the website and any other advertisement before visiting the website. This is used to present users with ads that are relevant to them according to the user profile. |
pi | 1 year | This is a targeting cookie, which is used for advertising.This cookie show the relevant adverts based on the visitors profile created by the cookie. |
pxrc | 2 months | The purpose of the cookie is to identify a visitor to serve relevant advertisement. |
rlas3 | 1 year | The cookie is set by rlcdn.com. The cookie is used to serve relevant ads to the visitor as well as limit the time the visitor sees an and also measure the effectiveness of the campaign. |
test_cookie | 15 minutes | This cookie is set by doubleclick.net. The purpose of the cookie is to determine if the user's browser supports cookies. |
ud | 4 months | This cookie is set by exelator.com. The cookies is used to store information about users' visit to the website. The data includes the number of visits, average time spent on the website, and the pages that have been loaded. This information is used to provide the users customized and targeted ads. |
uuid2 | 3 months | This cookies is set by AppNexus. The cookies stores information that helps in distinguishing between devices and browsers. This information us used to select advertisements served by the platform and assess the performance of the advertisement and attribute payment for those advertisements. |
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE | 5 months 27 days | This cookie is set by Youtube. Used to track the information of the embedded YouTube videos on a website. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
collect_chat_launcher_load | 1 month | No description |
collect_chat_page_load | 1 month | No description |
CONSENT | 16 years 10 months 10 days 13 hours 14 minutes | No description |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional | 1 year | The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-others | 1 year | No description |
fpestid | 1 year | No description |
st_samesite | session | No description |
zc | No description |