Abogado Colaborador, Juan Carlos Hernández Borrego
La pensión de jubilación ordinaria es una prestación económica que se concede a los trabajadores cuando cesan en su actividad laboral y alcanzan la edad establecida para ello. En España, el sistema de pensiones está regulado por el Régimen General de la Seguridad Social y administrado por el Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social (INSS). En esta guía se abordarán los requisitos y trámites generales necesarios para acceder a la pensión de jubilación ordinaria en España en el año 2025.
Requisitos generales para acceder a la pensión de jubilación ordinaria
En 2025, la edad de jubilación ordinaria en España será de 66 años y 4 meses para aquellos trabajadores que hayan cotizado menos de 37 años y 3 meses. Para aquellos que hayan cotizado más de este periodo, la edad de jubilación será de 65 años. Este aumento gradual de la edad se debe a las reformas previstas por la Ley 27/2011 de 1 de agosto, y en sus modificaciones posteriores.
Para tener derecho a la pensión contributiva de jubilación, el trabajador debe haber cotizado al menos 15 años a lo largo de su vida laboral. De estos 15 años, 2 deben haber sido cotizados dentro de los 15 años anteriores a la fecha de la jubilación.
El solicitante debe residir en España en el momento de solicitar la pensión. Existen normativas especiales para trabajadores que hayan cotizado en otros países de la Unión Europea o fuera de ella, en el marco de acuerdos internacionales, que permiten totalizar periodos de cotización en diferentes países para acceder a la pensión.
Cálculo de la pensión
El importe de la pensión se calcula teniendo en cuenta la base reguladora, que depende de las cotizaciones realizadas a lo largo de la vida laboral. Para determinarla, se toma el promedio de las bases de cotización de los últimos 25 años (300 meses) de trabajo, ajustadas por el Índice de Precios al Consumo (IPC) y otras variables. En 2025, el índice de revalorización de las pensiones será conforme a la ley vigente.
Además, existen unos topes máximos y unos mínimos garantizados para la pensión, que varían según las situaciones personales del beneficiario (por ejemplo, si tiene familiares a cargo).
Trámites para solicitar la pensión de jubilación ordinaria
La solicitud de la pensión de jubilación debe realizarse ante el Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social (INSS). El proceso puede realizarse a través de diferentes medios:
Para tramitar la pensión de jubilación es necesario presentar la siguiente documentación:
La solicitud de la pensión debe realizarse con al menos tres meses de antelación a la fecha en que se desea que surja el derecho a la pensión, aunque en caso de que se solicite con posterioridad, se podrá aplicar el efecto retroactivo, es decir, la pensión se abonará desde el primer día del mes siguiente a la fecha de jubilación. Sin embargo, el pago de la pensión solo podrá comenzar a partir de la fecha de la solicitud.
Conclusión
La pensión de jubilación ordinaria es un derecho prestacional que corresponde a todos aquellos trabajadores que hayan cesado su actividad laboral y a su vez cumplan los requisitos de edad, cotización y residencia establecidos por el sistema de la Seguridad Social. Es esencial que los solicitantes conozcan los trámites, requisitos y plazos de solicitud para asegurar una transición adecuada a la jubilación.// Este artículo es informativo y no constituye un asesoramiento personalizado para usted. Si usted desea resolver una consulta personalizada relacionada con esta temática u otra, puede contactarnos a través de este formulario o enviado un email a info@leonolarte.com
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