Abogado colaborador. Gonzalo Perpiñá
¿Qué es la fianza?
La fianza es una cantidad de dinero que se entrega al inicio del contrato de alquiler como garantía del cumplimiento de las obligaciones del contrato. En los contratos en los que la vivienda se vaya destinar a su uso como vivienda habitual esta asciende a la cuantía de una mensualidad de renta. En otro tipo de contratos podrá llegar a la cuantía equivalente a dos mensualidades.
¿Para qué sirve?
Así pues, la fianza servirá para garantizar el cumplimiento de las obligaciones del arrendatario, que son básicamente el pago de las rentas y el mantenimiento y conservación del inmueble en buen estado.
¿Cuándo existe obligación de devolver la fianza?
A la finalización del contrato, en caso de que haya existido algún impago o desperfecto en el inmueble (debido a un uso indebido del mismo) el arrendador tendrá derecho a cobrar el importe las reparaciones o impagos de la fianza. Es importante tener en cuenta que en caso de que el arrendador no devuelva la fianza como consecuencia de la necesidad de realizar reparaciones, este deberá comunicarlo al arrendatario justificando el importe al que ascienden dichas reparaciones
Por el contrario, si a la finalización del contrato el arrendatario ha cumplido con todas sus obligaciones (o habiendo incumplido la cuantía no alcance la totalidad de la fianza) el arrendador estará obligado a devolverla al arrendatario.
Aclarar que el inquilino no puede dar por pagado el último mes de arrendamiento argumentando que el arrendador dispone de la cuantía equivalente a ese mes, puesto que estaría privando al arrendador de la fianza, que recordemos no solo garantiza las obligaciones de pago del arrendatario, sino también otros posibles daños o desperfectos ocasionados en el inmueble.
¿Qué plazo existe para devolver la fianza?
La Ley de Arrendamientos Urbanos no determina un plazo concreto para la devolución de la fianza, por lo que habrá de atenerse a lo dispuesto en el contrato. Sin embargo, en la práctica se suele entender que este plazo es de un mes, puesto que la Ley determina que a partir de dicho plazo la fianza comienza a devengar intereses.
¿Qué hago si el arrendador no me devuelve la fianza?
En caso de que, habiendo cumplido el arrendatario con todas sus obligaciones, el arrendador no devuelva la fianza, el primer paso será requerir siempre por escrito para tratar de conseguir una devolución de manera amistosa.
Si el arrendador continúa negándose, no nos quedará otra que interponer una demanda contra este para la devolución de dichas cantidades.
Para asegurar el éxito de la misma deberemos ser capaces de probar: (i) que se ha entregado la fianza, normalmente en el propio contrato se indica que ha sido entregada la fianza y el primer mes de renta; (ii) que se han cumplido todas las obligaciones del arrendatario, es decir, que se han abonado todas las mensualidades y otros pagos a los que venía obligado (luz, agua, etc.), así como que se ha entregado la vivienda en buen estado.
En definitiva, es muy importante conocer los derechos y obligaciones que disponemos a la hora de arrendar un inmueble para estar preparados en todo momento para afrontar con tranquilidad y seguridad una situación como puede ser la negativa del arrendador a devolver la fianza. De este modo, en caso de encontrarnos ante esta situación, tendremos preparadas las pruebas necesarias para interponer una demanda y asegurarnos la devolución de la fianza lo antes posible.
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1 Comment
Buenas tardes, me lleve un mes de alquiler en un piso en el pueblo de Villamanrique de la condesa, Sevilla , y se niegan a darme la fianza ya que dicen que la tienen para cubrir los gastos del contador nuevo de luz.
Me alquilaron el piso sin contador de luz es una promotora y empresa que se dedica a ello. Yo firme en Marzo y estuve hasta el 29 de Abril del presente año.
Me vine de nuevo a sevilla capital, por motivos de enfermedad de salud Mental.
Y AHORA SE NIEGAN A DOVOLVERME LA FIANZA ¡¡ PORQUE DICE QUE EL CONTADOR NUEVO ME CORRESPONDÍA PAGARLO A MI Y YA ELLOS ME DEVOLVERÍAN LA PARTE CORRESPONDIENTE DEL MES SIGUIENTE EN ALQUILER¡¡