Noemí Hernández Merchán. Abogada Asociada.
Estamos en Navidad y en esta época del año se celebran en España dos famosos sorteos de lotería, “El Gordo” y “El Niño”; qué ocurre si somos agraciados y nos toca un premio de la lotería, ¿de quien es el dinero del sorteo si estoy casado o soy pareja de hecho? y ¿si me estoy separando?
Para poder contestar estas preguntas, lo primero que hay que saber es el régimen económico del matrimonio, en el caso de estar casados, y si se trata de una pareja de hecho habrá que sabe si existe algún tipo de pacto de comunidad de bienes.
Si se trata de un matrimonio y el régimen económico es el de separación de bienes,el importe del premio será propiedad exclusiva del cónyuge que ha adquirido y abonado el décimo o boleto premiado, si lo han adquirido ambos, el importe del premio corresponderá a los dos cónyuges en la proporción en que hayan participado y abonado el referido décimo.
Si el régimen económico del matrimonio es el de gananciales, el importe del premio, con independencia del miembro de la pareja que haya adquirido el décimo o boleto, se integrará en la sociedad de gananciales perteneciendo por lo tanto a ambos cónyuges; esta situación no cambia aunque el dinero con el que se haya abonado el décimo sea privativo de uno de los cónyuges, y ello es así porque el artículo 1.351 del Código Civil establece que este tipo de ganancias formarán parte de la sociedad legal de gananciales fuere cual fuere la procedencia del dinero con la que se adquirió el décimo o con el que se hizo la apuesta, y, todo ello sin perjuicio de la obligación de reintegrar a quien compró el décimo o boleto con el importe de aquel.
¿Que ocurre si el matrimonio en gananciales se está separando o divorciando?
La Ley determina que la sociedad de gananciales concluye y queda disuelta, entre otros supuestos, en el momento en el que se decreta el divorcio o se acuerda la separación legal, por lo que, en caso de que esto haya ocurrido, el premio será de aquel que haya adquirido el décimo o boleto; en el caso de que lo que exista sea una separación de hecho, sin que exista todavía un pronunciamiento judicial al respecto, nuestros tribunales han declarado que si hay una clara intención de convertirse en una separación de derecho y siempre que no se trate de una simple interrupción temporal de la convivencia, el premio será del que haya adquirido el décimo. Se considera que cuando cesa la convivencia se rompe el vínculo de la sociedad de gananciales, por lo que los esposos no podrán reclamarse los bienes adquiridos con posterioridad a la referida separación de hecho.
En el caso de las parejas de hecho, hay que ver si existe o no un pacto de comunidad de bienes análogo al de la sociedad de gananciales. Si hay un pacto firmado el miembro de la pareja que no haya adquirido el décimo tendrá derecho a reclamarle al otro la mitad del premio, pero si no hay pacto firmado lo tendrá mucho más complicado y es muy posible que los tribunales estimen que, salvo que acredite de manera suficiente que la voluntad de ambos era hacer comunes las ganancias y las pérdidas, no tiene derecho a percibir cantidad alguna del premio.
En cualquier caso, y sea cual sea la situación en la que nos encontremos cada uno de nosotros, no se puede negar que ser agraciados con un premio de lotería es siempre una estupenda noticia y algo que todos deseamos, así que solo resta desear mucha suerte en el próximo sorteo y un feliz y prospero año nuevo.
Photo by dylan nolte on Unsplash
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