María del Carmen Quintero, Abogada colaboradora
Antes que nada, ¿qué es la pensión de viudedad? Se trata de una prestación contributiva del INSS que tiene carácter vitalicio para aquellas personas que se han quedado viudas. La misma tiene como objetivo principal proteger el desequilibrio económico que deja la persona fallecida en su familia.
No obstante, no toda persona viuda tiene derecho a esta pensión, pues ha de cumplir con una serie de requisitos. Será necesario acreditar un período de cotización, que variará según la situación laboral del fallecido y de la causa que determina la muerte:
No se exige período previo de cotización, cuando la muerte se produce como consecuencia de accidente o enfermedad profesional.
Además, será necesario acreditar unas condiciones específicas en los supuestos de matrimonio, cuando el fallecimiento se debe a una enfermedad común anterior al vínculo matrimonial; de separación, divorcio y nulidad; de parejas de hecho.
Y ¿es posible percibir una pensión de viudedad tras el fallecimiento de una antigua pareja? Sí. Sin embargo, en caso de que tenga atribuida una pensión compensatoria y la cuantía de la pensión de viudedad sea mayor que la primera, la pensión de viudedad disminuirá hasta alcanzar la cuantía de la compensatoria.
En cuanto a los requisitos que se exigen para percibir esta pensión, hay que distinguir tres situaciones:
a) Separaciones o divorcios anteriores al 1 de enero de 2008:
b) Separaciones o divorcios entre el 1 de enero de 2008 y el 31 de diciembre de 2009:
Quienes estén divorciados o separados demuestren que:
c) Separaciones o divorcios posteriores al 1 de enero de 2010:
La persona que solicite la pensión ha de acreditar:
Tendrán derecho a la pensión de viudedad, aun no siendo acreedor de la pensión compensatoria en caso de que:
¿Qué pasa si hay más de un ex cónyuge?
En el caso que exista más de un cónyuge o de una pareja de hecho, pueden ser beneficiarios de la pensión de viudedad:
En caso de que existan varios beneficiarios de la pensión, hay que señalar que no se genera una pensión para cada uno, sino que la pensión que correspondiera se reparte en función del tiempo de convivencia de cada beneficiario. Siempre debe garantizarse un mínimo del 40 % del importe total a quien fuera el cónyuge o pareja de hecho en el momento del fallecimiento.
Finalmente, las causas por las que se extinguiría la pensión de viudedad, serán las siguientes:
Este artículo es informativo y no constituye un asesoramiento personalizado para usted.
Si usted desea resolver una consulta relacionada con esta temática o cualquier otra, puede
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Foto de engin akyurt en Unsplash
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