Gerardo Parejo Fernández. Abogado colaborador.
El pasado 7 de abril de 2021, el Tribunal Supremo dictó una Sentencia pionera en materia de pensión de viudedad en parejas no casadas. En ella, acordó reconocer una pensión de viudedad a la reclamante, a pesar de no estar casada ni estar inscritos como pareja de hecho, dando validez al certificado de empadronamiento como prueba de la convivencia, y por extensión de la existencia de la pareja de hecho.
Sin embargo, el pasado 24 de marzo, la sala tercera de lo Contencioso-administrativo dictó otra Sentencia, que contradice el anterior criterio y establece como regla general, que la muerte de uno de los miembros de una pareja sólo genera pensión de viudedad si estaba inscrita como pareja de hecho en el Registro de Parejas de Hecho del municipio o Comunidad Autónoma.
El Tribunal justifica su cambio de criterio en que la decisión adoptada en abril de 2021 era “excepcional”, a la vista de la situación límite que afectaba a la mujer que reclamaba la pensión (ama de casa desde siempre, sin ingresos propios, etc.). Refiere expresamente en la Sentencia, que aquélla constituyó “una excepción que no debe ser la norma”, volviendo así a su doctrina anterior, que además es coincidente con la mantenida desde siempre por la sala de lo Social del mismo Tribunal.
A través de esta nueva Sentencia, el Tribunal desestima el recurso de casación que presentó una mujer contra el Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Madrid, que le había denegado la pensión a pesar de haber acreditado la convivencia desde varias décadas y tener varios hijos en común. A continuación, citamos un extracto literal de la Sentencia de 24 de marzo de 2022:
“La prueba de la existencia de una pareja de hecho solamente puede acreditarse a los efectos del reconocimiento del derecho a la pensión de viudedad con los medios señalados en el párrafo cuarto del artículo 38.4 del Real Decreto Legislativo 670/1987, es decir mediante la inscripción en un registro específico autonómico o municipal del lugar de residencia o mediante un documento público y que ambos deben ser anteriores, al menos, en dos años al fallecimiento del causante”.
En la Sentencia el Tribunal cita también la doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional, que tiene establecido que “la pensión de viudedad que la norma establece no es en favor de todas las parejas de hecho, con convivencia acreditada, sino en exclusivo beneficio de las parejas constituidas en la forma legalmente establecida, sin que ello vulnere el derecho a la igualdad ante la ley”.
Este artículo es informativo y no constituye un asesoramiento personalizado para usted.
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Photo by bhuvanesh gupta on Unsplash
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