Sergio Días López, abogado colaborador.
Uno de los aspectos más relevantes de la reciente Reforma Laboral aprobada mediante RDL 32/2021, es la modificación de la temporalidad en los contratos de trabajo. A continuación examinaremos de manera sintética las principales novedades en esta materia:
A partir del 30 de marzo de 2022 se establece la presunción legal de que el contrato de trabajo es por tiempo indefinido, de tal forma que será el contrato estandarizado. Igualmente, se modifican las causas de temporalidad.
De esta forma, desaparecen los contratos por obra o servicio determinado, los contratos eventuales por circunstancias de la producción y el contrato de interinidad así como la vinculación de la prestación de servicios en el marco de la ejecución de contratas a la contratación temporal.
Como excepción a lo anteriormente expuesto, los contratos suscritos bajo estas modalidades antes del 31 de diciembre de 2021 seguirán subsistiendo hasta agotar su duración máxima, y los concertados entre el 1 de enero de 2022 y el 30 de marzo de 2022 bajo estas modalidades podrán igualmente subsistir pero con el plazo de duración máxima de seis meses.
A partir del 30 de marzo de 2022, existirán dos tipos de contratos temporales, que son:
1. Por circunstancias de la producción. Este contrato podrá concertarse en los siguientes supuestos:
a) Por incremento ocasional e imprevisible y las oscilaciones, incluidas las que derivan de las vacaciones anuales, que generan un desajuste temporal entre el empleo estable disponible y el que se requiere. Podrá tener una duración máxima de seis meses, ampliables hasta un año por disposición de convenio colectivo.
b) Para atender situaciones ocasionales y previsibles y que tengan una duración reducida y delimitada. En estos casos, se podrá contratar cuantas veces sea necesario pero durante un máximo de 90 días en el año natural que no podrán ser continuos.
Se establece una indemnización por fin de contrato de 12 días de salario por año de servicio en ambos supuestos.
2. Por sustitución de otro trabajador, que se dará en los siguientes casos:
a) Cuando el trabajador a sustituir tenga reserva de puesto de trabajo: en este caso, la duración del contrato será desde máximo 15 días antes de la ausencia del sustituido hasta su reincorporación.
b) Para completar la jornada reducida de un trabajador.
c) Para la cobertura temporal de un puesto de trabajo hasta su cobertura definitiva mediante contrato fijo: en este supuesto, el contrato tendrá una duración máxima de tres meses, o inferior si así lo establece el convenio colectivo.
En todos los contratos de sustitución, no existe derecho a indemnización alguna a la finalización del contrato.
Este artículo es informativo y no constituye un asesoramiento personalizado para usted.
Si usted desea resolver una consulta relacionada con esta temática o cualquier otra, puede contactarnos a través de este formulario.
Photo by Louis Hansel on Unsplash
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