Gerardo Parejo Fernández. Abogado Asociado.
El pasado 21 de octubre, el Tribunal Supremo emitió una nota de prensa dando a conocer el fallo adoptado sobre cuatro recursos interpuestos en litigios que versaban sobre la posible abusividad del índice de referencia IRPH, concluyendo que, si bien aprecia falta de transparencia, las hipotecas referenciadas a este índice no son abusivas. El contenido íntegro de la Sentencia aún no ha sido publicado.
A continuación reproducimos la nota de prensa:
“El Tribunal Supremo ha deliberado y resuelto cuatro recursos de casación en relación con la cláusula de interés variable IRPH. Un quinto recurso sobre IRPH también se deliberará hoy pero presenta perfiles diferentes, por versar sobre una vivienda de protección oficial.
En los cuatro recursos resueltos, siguiendo la jurisprudencia del TJUE, ha apreciado falta de transparencia por no haberse informado de la evolución del índice de los dos años anteriores.
No obstante, y siguiendo también la jurisprudencia del TJUE, ha procedido a hacer el análisis de abusividad concluyendo, en los casos enjuiciados, que no había abusividad.
El fallo cuenta con el voto particular del magistrado D. Francisco Javier Arroyo Fiestas.
El fallo ha sido comunicado ya a los procuradores de las partes. El texto íntegro de la sentencia se redactará en los próximos días.”
Esta decisión viene después de la Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea del pasado 3 de marzo, que dejaba en manos de los Tribunales españoles comprobar si la cláusula de interés referenciada al IRPH adolecía de falta de transparencia y abusividad, debiendo sustituirse por otro índice legal como el EURIBOR si así lo apreciaba, instando a las entidades bancarias a acreditar que han proporcionado la información necesaria al consumidor, para que éste comprenda el funcionamiento del índice, su modo de cálculo y así, valorar las consecuencias económicas que le pueda reportar.
Hasta el momento, las Audiencias Provinciales habían dictado sentencias tanto a favor como en contra. Concretamente, de los cuatro asuntos llevados al Supremo, dos se seguían contra CAIXABANK y otros dos contra KUTXABANK. En el caso de CAIXABANK, uno procedía de la Audiencia Provincial de Jaén que declaró válido el IPRH, y el otro de la Audiencia Provincial de Badajoz, que también lo declaró válido. En cuanto a KUTXABANK, un asunto provenía de la Audiencia Provincial de Álava que declaró nula la cláusula de IRPH, y el otro de la Audiencia Provincial de Cantabria, que declaró su validez.
El otro caso que se menciona en la nota de prensa consiste en un préstamo hipotecario de una VPO contratado con LIBERBANK, la Audiencia Provincial de Badajoz declaró el índice válido, si bien del comunicado se extrae la posibilidad de que el fallo sea distinto debido a que presenta “perfiles diferentes” con respecto a los otros supuestos.
Esto último, a juicio de quien suscribe, puede suponer un balón de oxígeno a las miles de familias que esperaban expectantes este fallo, ya que se entiende que el Tribunal Supremo abre la puerta a declarar la abusividad de la cláusula referenciada al IRPH en función del contexto en que fuera contratada la hipoteca y las circunstancias personales del prestatario, por no hablar que reconoce expresamente la falta de transparencia. En cualquier caso, convendrá esperar a conocer el contenido íntegro de la Sentencia.
Finalmente, recordamos que como alternativa a reclamar judicialmente la nulidad de la cláusula referenciada al IRPH y si el banco se niega a negociar, quienes estén afectados por este índice pueden subrogar su hipoteca en otro banco que les ofrezca referenciar al EURIBOR, trámite éste que actualmente apenas supone coste para el consumidor, tras las últimas reformas aprobadas, y desde que son las entidades bancarias quienes deben abonar el impuesto sobre las hipotecas.
Photo by Bernard Hermant on Unsplash
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